Description: Broadside titled "An Appeal on Behalf of the Miners of Jackson County, O." This document relates the hardships of the coal miners of Jackson County resulting from a suspension of mining work beginning in November 1896. It was created by a committee of prominent citizens in Wellston to solicit donations to help striking miners and their dependents in the area. The broadside estimates that 22,000 people in Wellston depend on income from the mines and are in desperate circumstances. The 1897 strike was one of a number of labor disputes between coal miners and mine owners in the Hocking Valley region between 1880 and 1940. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: VFM4536
Subjects: Coal miners; Strikes and lockouts; Coal mining; Labor--Ohio
Places: Wellston (Ohio); Jackson County (Ohio);
 

Description: Laborer operating a piece of Jeffrey mining equipment loaded with barrels. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio, by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the world’s leading producer of mining, conveying, and heavy industrial equipment for nearly 100 years. Jeffrey designed material handling products for a wide variety of uses, such as coal mining, farming, amusement park rides, earth-moving, lumber mills, and food processing, the use of which reduced handling costs, increased production, and decreased hard physical labor. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P251_B39F03_4794
Subjects: Coal miners; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio); Coal mines and mining--Electric equipment; Laborers;
 

Description: This photograph shows the devastation of strip mining (also known as surface mining). The vegetation and top soil are removed to be able to mine the minerals such as coal from below the surface. It is the method used instead of underground mining when the minerals are close to the surface. Strip mining was popular during the World War II era because it was a fast and inexpensive way to gather precious resources for the war effort. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B06F04_024_1
Subjects: Strip mining--Environmental aspects--Ohio; Coal mines and mining--Ohio--History
Places: Ohio
 

Description: A photograph of an employee of the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company in Columbus, Ohio, posing beside a mine ventilation fan manufactured by the company. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00927
Subjects: Mining machinery; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal mines and mining--United States; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Inventors--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts portable elevator built by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. The elevator raised sand and gravel to the top of the machine where it was dumped onto vibrating screens that separated sand from gravel and loaded it on to horse-drawn wagons. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01644
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal mines and mining--United States; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Inventors--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1930-1943, this photograph shows two men shoveling coal into minecarts at the Blue Bell Mine near Strasburg, Ohio, in Tuscarawas County. A note on the reverse of the photograph reads "Close up surface coal mining. Blue Bell mine near Strasburg. S. H. Green. West High Ave., New Phila, N.K." The first European settlers recognized the value in Ohio's natural coal resources and in 1837 the first Geological Survey of Ohio studied the mineral resources of the state, especially coal. Ohio's canal system allowed for easy coal transportation for mining, and by the mid 1800s railroads and more advanced mining technologies advanced coal mining output in Ohio. Eventually, coal became the primary source of energy for electricity and fueled the many steel mills in the upper Ohio River Valley. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F02_030_001
Subjects: Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal miners; Charcoal industry--Ohio; Blue Bell Mining Company; Photography--Ohio
Places: Strasburg (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: The 1877 model of the Lechner air mining machine revolutionized the coal mining industry. This image measures 8.5" by 11" (21.59 by 27.94 cm). In the 1870s, coal mining was slow and dangerous work. In a typical 12-hour day, productivity was only two tons per man. Much of the labor involved under-cutting--a miner had to lie on his side while digging a 6-inch-thick cut 4 feet deep across a 10-to-20-foot wide face. In 1876, a Columbus man, Francis Lechner, designed a chain-driven, air-powered machine that could undercut the coal mechanically, increasing daily productivity by one ton of coal per man. Lechner teamed up with Joseph Andrew Jeffrey and formed the Lechner Mining Machine Company in 1877. The Lechner coal-cutting machine eventually became a standard for the coal industry. The Columbus-based business, which in 1887 became known as the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, was one of the city's most successful and long-lasting firms of the 20th century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1479_1149139_001
Subjects: Business and Labor; Science and Technology; Geography and Natural Resources; Coal mining; Machinery
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts mechanical vibrating conveyors, or MV conveyors, made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company in Columbus, Ohio, being used at a metal casting foundry in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1955. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00955
Subjects: African Americans--Employment; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal mines and mining--United States; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Inventors--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor;
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio); Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts two adolescent or pre-teen boys with a Jeffery Manufacturing model 28A mining machine, ca. 1890-1910. The mining machine was used to undercut seams of coal, to allow for expansion after the coal seam was broken apart with explosives; at the time of its invention, this was the most time-intensive part of mining coal. Jeffery Manufacturing was located in downtown Columbus, near the intersection of Fourth St. and First Ave.; today, that site is occupied by the Ohioana Library and the State Library of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05155
Subjects: Coal miners; Coal mines and mining--Appalachian Region--History; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio); Teenagers; Coal mines and mining--Electric equipment
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts two adolescent or pre-teen boys with a Jeffery Manufacturing model 28A mining machine, ca. 1890-1910. The mining machine was used to undercut seams of coal, to allow for expansion after the coal seam was broken apart with explosives; at the time of its invention, this was the most time-intensive part of mining coal. Jeffery Manufacturing was located in downtown Columbus, near the intersection of Fourth St. and First Ave. Today, that site is occupied by the Ohioana Library and the State Library of Ohio, as well as a luxury housing space known as "the Jeffrey." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05156
Subjects: Coal miners; Coal mines and mining--Appalachian Region--History; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio); Teenagers; Coal mines and mining--Electric equipment
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts two adolescent or pre-teen boys with a Jeffery Manufacturing model 28A mining machine, ca. 1890-1910. The mining machine was used to undercut seams of coal, to allow for expansion after the coal seam was broken apart with explosives; at the time of its invention, this was the most time-intensive part of mining coal. Jeffery Manufacturing was located in downtown Columbus, near the intersection of Fourth St. and First Ave. Today, that site is occupied by the Ohioana Library and the State Library of Ohio, as well as a luxury housing space known as "the Jeffrey." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05157
Subjects: Coal miners; Coal mines and mining--Appalachian Region--History; Jeffrey Manufacturing Company (Columbus, Ohio); Teenagers; Coal mines and mining--Electric equipment
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts a 209-B portable loader produced by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, is shown loading coal to the tender of a steam locomotive at the Nickel Plate Railroad in Michigan City, Indiana. The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company, also known as the Jeffrey Mining Corporate Center, was established in 1876 as the Lechner Mining Machine Company in Columbus, Ohio by Joseph Jeffrey and Francis Lechner. The company was the number one manufacturer of coal mining machinery worldwide until the mid-twentieth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01583
Subjects: Railroads; Coal mining; Coal mines and mining -- Ohio; Inventions; Coal-mining machinery; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Inventors -- Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor
Places: Michigan City (Indiana); Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)