Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to load ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01499
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to load ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01500
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to haul ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01501
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: This photograph depicts Hotel Statler in St. Louis, Missouri. Youngstown-Buckeye conduit was used this hotel. At the bottom of the photo is written: "HOTEL STATLER ST. LOUIS YOUNGSTOWN BUCKEYE CONDUIT" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B03F48_001
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Construction; Steel industry; St. Louis (Mo.)
Places: St. Louis (Missouri); Missouri County (Missouri)
 

Description: A rubber belt conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, was used to move processed coal briquettes. Heated by a compressing machine, the briquettes are giving off steam. The compressed coal briquettes were used as fuel. The photograph was taken at the Anthracite Coalette Fuel Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1911. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01309
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Illustration of the office of Boggs and Grant in St. Louis, Missouri, from "A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant" by Albert Deane Richardson, 1885. Ulysses S. Grant worked in the real estate business here in 1859 and 1860 with the eponymous Henry Boggs, a cousin of Grant's wife, Julia Dent. Ulysses S. Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio. During the U. S. Civil War, Grant was promoted to the rank of general and granted command of the Union army by President Abraham Lincoln. After the victory of the Union over the Confederacy, Grant's popularity led to his election as the 18th President of the United States in 1868. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04554
Subjects: United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Military Ohio; Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Postcard showing the bridge where the National Road crossed the White River in Indianapolis, Indiana. A history of the bridge is provided on the reverse side. The National Road was one of the first paved roads (constructed of compacted gravel) to cross the Appalachian Mountains. Congress authorized construction of the National Road in 1806, and in 1811, awarded contracts to private builders to begin construction. The War of 1812 prevented work from beginning until 1815, when construction began in Cumberland, Maryland, and the contractors completed the road to Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), in 1817. Eventually, the federal government extended the road to near St. Louis, Missouri. Modern-day U.S. Route 40 follows the National Road's original route. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV119_B01_F10_13
Subjects: National Road; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development; Cumberland Road--History; Roads--United States--History; Bridges
Places: Indianapolis (Indiana);
 

Description: Birthplace of U. S. Grant. Ulysses Simpson Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. In 1823, his family moved to Georgetown, Ohio. Grant lived there until he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839. Grant graduated from West Point in 1843. He ranked twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine students. Grant served under General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican-American War. In the years before the American Civil War, Grant lived much of the time in St. Louis, Missouri, working as a real estate agent and as a farmer. He failed in both of these businesses. Grant also assisted his father in a tannery business. After the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Grant volunteered for military duty. He first served as colonel of the Twenty-First Illinois Infantry but soon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general due to his previous military experience. In March 1864, President Lincoln promoted Grant to lieutenant general and named him supreme commander of all Union forces. By early June 1864, Grant had surrounded General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Petersburg, Virginia, and a ten month siege ensued. The Northerners finally drove the Confederates from Petersburg in early April 1865, and The Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9, 1865. n 1868, the Democratic Party chose Horatio Seymour as its presidential candidate. Seymour, a former governor of New York, supported states' rights and opposed equal rights for African Americans with whites. The Republican Party selected Grant, a defender of equal opportunities for African Americans with whites and a supporter of a strong federal government. Grant easily won the Electoral College vote, capturing twenty-six of the thirty-four states. Grant's first term as president was troubled with corruption. Grant remained above the corruption, but some of the U.S. public faulted him for his poor leadership and his inability to control his cabinet. Grant sought reelection in 1872. He won easily, receiving fifty-six percent of the popular vote. Grant promised to end the violence in the South but did little about it during his second term. An economic depression in 1873 further alienated the public from Grant. Due to Grant's declining popularity, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes as president, although Grant had desired to seek a third term. Grant also sought the party's candidacy in 1880, but the Republicans selected James Garfield instead. Grant spent his last years in New York, writing his memoirs. When he was elected president, Grant had resigned his commission in the military. In 1885, the United States Congress reappointed Grant as General of the Army. His salary helped him pay rising bills. He died on July 23, 1885 from throat cancer. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07703
Subjects: Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Grant, Ulysses S., 1822-1885; Birthplaces; Historic houses
Places: Point Pleasant (Ohio); Clermont County (Ohio)
 

Description: This 2.5 by 4-inch (6.35 by 10.16 cm) carte de visite depicts Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885), the eighteenth president of the United States and the second president from Ohio. Born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant Ohio, in 1839 Grant entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, where a roster mistakenly listed his name as Ulysses Simpson. He was known as Ulysses S. Grant for the rest of his life. Grant served in the Mexican War, but was never happy with military life and resigned his commission in 1854. After unsuccessful attempts at farming and real estate, Grant moved to Galena, Illinois, where he worked in his father's leather shop. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he organized a company in Galena and later accepted command of the 21st Illinois Regiment. In August 1861, Lincoln made Grant brigadier general of volunteers. Grant came to national attention by capturing the Confederate Forts Henry and Donelson, the first major Union victories of the war. In spite of a devastating defeat at Shiloh, Grant won major victories at Vicksburg and Chattanooga. In 1864, Grant was made lieutenant general commanding all the armies of the U.S. In this position, Grant devised a concerted plan of action for all the Union armies. Although Grant lost to Confederate General Robert E. Lee in battle, other Northern armies were successful and weakened the Confederacy. He presided over General Robert E. Lee's surrender at Appomattox on April 9, 1865. Grant served as president from 1869-1877. Southern reconstruction was one of the major issues of Grant's presidency. He occasionally encouraged the process with the force of federal troops. Although Grant is considered to have been honest himself, he was surrounded by dishonest men, causing his administration to be marred with scandal. He was re-elected in 1872 and ran for a third time in 1880 but was unsuccessful. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00540
Subjects: Military Ohio; Presidents and Politics; Civil War; Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885
Places: Brown County (Ohio); St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: The National Road passing through St. Clairsville, Ohio, from "Historical Collections of Ohio" by Henry Howe, 1907. Congress authorized construction of the National Road in 1806, and in 1811, awarded contracts to private builders to construct the road. The War of 1812 prevented work from beginning until 1815. Construction began in Cumberland, Maryland, and the contractors completed the road to Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), in 1817. Eventually, the federal government extended the road to near St. Louis, Missouri. From 1825 to 1838, the National Road was extended across Ohio. The federal government authorized individual states, including Ohio, to maintain the National Road. To cover the associated maintenance costs, Ohio turned the National Road into a toll road. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04016
Subjects: Transportation--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
Places: St. Clairsville (Ohio); Belmont County (Ohio)
 

Description: This color image shows the S-Bridge in Muskingum County, outside of New Concord, Ohio. The S-bridges were single-arch stone bridges, which crossed small, curving streams with uneven banks. Here the road over the bridge merges with a four-lane highway (U.S. 40). This bridge is known by several names: Fox Run S-Bridge; Fox Creek S-Bridge, and S-Bridge II. S-Bridges were a type of bridge used on the National Road, one of the first paved (gravel) roads to cross the Appalachian Mountains. The United States Congress authorized construction of the road in 1806. In 1811 the Congress awarded contracts to private builders to construct the road. The War of 1812 prevented construction from beginning until 1815. Construction began in Cumberland, Maryland, and the contractors completed the road to Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), in 1817. Eventually, the federal government extended the road to near St. Louis, Missouri. Construction of the National Road occurred in Ohio from 1825 to 1838. In 1926 the National Road became part of U.S. 40. The S-Bridge, when viewed from above, resembles the letter "S." Workers made the bridges out of cut stone, which proved to be a more durable material than wood. The reason for the unusual shape was to make construction easier for the workers. When the National Road crossed a creek or stream at an angle, the workers built the bridge's supporting arches at a right angle to the stream. This process allowed water to flow through the arches more easily and also allowed workers easier access to build the bridges from each side of a creek or stream. Some people claim that the S-Bridges were designed to stop runaway horses, but there is no supporting evidence for this claim. A total of five S-Bridges existed along the National Road in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06952
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; National Road; Muskingum County (Ohio); New Concord (Ohio)
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant in full uniform, ca. 1864-1865. Grant was commissioned Lieutenant General by Abraham Lincoln in March 1864 and soon after appointed General in Chief of the United States Army. Portraits of famous generals were mass produced and popular with collectors. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00540
Subjects: Presidents--United States; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Military Ohio
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)