Description: In 1772, David Zeisberger, a missionary of the Moravian Church, established the village of Schoenbrunn on the Tuscarawas River, near present-day New Philadelphia. The word Schoenbrunn means "beautiful spring" in German. The purpose of this community was to provide Moravian missionaries a place to teach Christianity to Native Americans residing in Ohio. At its greatest size, Schoenbrunn had a population of four hundred Christian natives, mostly Delaware Indians, and more than sixty buildings, including the first school and Christian church built in Ohio. During the American Revolution, facing harassment from both the English and the Americans , Zeisberger and his followers abandoned Schoenbrunn in early 1778. They held a final service in the church, after which they tore down their house of worship to prevent its desecration. Schoenbrunn has since been rebuilt and is administered as an historic site by the Ohio Historical Society. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F02_005_001
Subjects: Building, Wooden--Conservation and restoration; Schoenbrunn (Ohio)--History; Log Cabins; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1930s or 1940s, this photograph shows Bolivar Dam. Bolivar Dam is a dry dam, which means it does not have a permanent pool or lake behind it. It was built for protection in times of excessive rains to prevent flooding. During the excessive rains, there will be some water retained in a temporary pool. The dam regulates the amount of water flowing into Sandy Creek. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F02_018_001
Subjects: Dams; Geography and Natural Resources; Flood control; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1935-1940, this photograph shows an old lock on the Ohio and Erie Canal in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. Its caption reads "Old canal lock (detail of stone and iron work)." Work began on the Ohio and Erie Canal on July 4, 1825, at Licking Summit, just south of Newark, Ohio, and was completed in 1833. The Ohio and Erie Canal cost approximately ten thousand dollars per mile to complete, and the Miami and Erie Canal cost roughly twelve thousand dollars per mile to finish. The canals nearly bankrupted the state government, but they allowed Ohioans to prosper beginning in the 1830s all the way to the Civil War. Many recent immigrants to the United States, especially the Irish, survived thanks to jobs on the canals. Other people, like the residents of the communal society at Zoar, also helped construct canals to assist the survival of their community. Many of Ohio’s communities today, including Akron, began as towns for the canal workers. Most canals remained in operation in Ohio until late 1800s. There is a short stretch in the Muskingum Valley near Zanesville still in operation today. By the 1850s, however, canals were losing business to the railroads. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F05_003_1
Subjects: Locks (Canal); Canals--Ohio; Ohio and Erie Canal (Ohio); Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of a lock on the Ohio-Erie Canal in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. During the late 1810s, Governor Thomas Worthington and Governor Ethan Allen Brown both supported internal improvements, especially canals. Both men believed that Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. In 1822, the Ohio legislature realized the importance of internal improvements and created a new Ohio Canal Commission. The Canal Commission eventually recommended a route starting at Lake Erie, passing through the Cuyahoga Valley, the Muskingum Valley, the Licking Valley, and then to the Ohio River along the Scioto Valley. The Commission also recommended a western route along the Miami and Maumee Valleys. By 1833, the Ohio and Erie Canal was complete, followed twelve years later by the Miami and Erie Canal. Once completed, thirty-three of Ohio's eighty-eight counties either had portions of canals running through them or quarries to mine rock for construction. The canals had many advantages to Ohioans. Most importantly, the cost to ship goods from the East Coast to Ohio and vice versa declined tremendously from 125 dollars per ton of goods to twenty-five dollars per ton of goods. Most canals remained in operation in Ohio until the late 1800s, their demise due in part to competition from the much speedier railroads. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_020_001
Subjects: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Locks (Canal); Canals--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History;
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photograph of a lock on the Ohio-Erie Canal in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls. Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to take a reasonably direct line across land that is not level. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F02_020_001
Subjects: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Locks (Canal); Canals--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photograph of a lock on the Ohio-Erie Canal in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. A lock is a device for raising and lowering boats between stretches of water of different levels on river and canal waterways. The distinguishing feature of a lock is a fixed chamber in which the water level can be varied; whereas in a caisson lock, a boat lift, or on a canal inclined plane, it is the chamber itself (usually then called a caisson) that rises and falls. Locks are used to make a river more easily navigable, or to allow a canal to take a reasonably direct line across land that is not level. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F02_024_001
Subjects: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Locks (Canal); Canals--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image shows the facade of the Tuscarawas Courthouse in New Philadelphia, Ohio. This courthouse was built in 1884 of Medina quarry sandstone. It was renovated and restored in 1996. It now housed the County Court of Common Pleas, probate and juvenile divisions. The courthouse was places on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06456
Subjects: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Courthouses--Ohio--History
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Ohio-Erie Canal that ran through Tuscarawas County began at Summit Lake near Barberton and ended at Dresden. The canal was a was for farmers and manufacturers to connect to the Ohio River and Lake Erie. It operated from 1825 until the disastrous flood in 1913. It became obsolete due to the railroads. This photograph is a scene near Tuscarawas in Tuscarawas County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F01_041_001
Subjects: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Canals--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1930s or 1940s, this photograph shows the Bolivar Dam intake, located on the Sandy Creek of the Tuscarawas River. Originally completed in 1938, the dam manages flood control in the Muskingum Watershed area. The intake structure consists of a brick superstructure and a reinforced concrete substructure. Within the structure are six caterpillar gates (7 feet wide by 15 feet tall). The invert of each gate opening has an elevation of 895 feet. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_021_001
Subjects: Dams; Geography and Natural Resources; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Flood control; Ohio--History--Pictorial works
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1930s or 1940s, this photograph shows Bolivar Dam outlet, located on the Sandy Creek of the Tuscarawas River. Located at the left abutment of the main embankment, the outlet consists of twin horseshoe-shaped tunnels, walls, an intake tower, and a stilling basin. The concrete-lined tunnels, 814 feet long and 16 feet in diameter, extend from the intake structure through the south abutment to the stilling basin. The outlet works normally pass the entire flow of Sandy Creek, except during periods of flood retention. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_023_001
Subjects: Dams; Geography and Natural Resources; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History; Flood control; Ohio--History--Pictorial works
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1930s or 1940s, this photograph shows Bolivar Dam, located on the Sandy Creek of the Tuscarawas River. Originally completed in 1938, the dam manages flood control in the Muskingum Watershed Area. The embankment has a maximum height of 87 feet, with a flood control pool level of 962 feet. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_024_001
Subjects: Dams; Geography and Natural Resources; Flood control; Aerial photography; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--History
Places: Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: “Used by Joseph Bemeler, leader of the Separatists the first communistic experiment in America, located on Route #8 North from Dover, Ohio.” The Kings Palace, or the Number One House as it was later called, served as the home of Joseph Bimeler, leader of the Society of Separatists of Zoar. Built in 1835, the house was originally intended as a senior citizen home for Society members, but that purpose was rejected by the elders of Zoar. Instead, Bimeler occupied the home until his death in 1853. A group of separatists from Germany, eventually known as Zoarites, established the small community of Zoar in Tuscarawas County in 1817. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, they had separated from the official German religion, the Lutheran Church. The community of Zoar was not originally organized as a commune, but its residents had a difficult time surviving in 1818 and early 1819. As a result, on April 19, 1819, the group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar. Each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole. In exchange for their work, the Society would provide for them. In the decades following the establishment of the Zoar commune, the separatists experienced economic prosperity. Due in part to influences from the outside world and the death of original residents, the remaining members decided to dissolve the society in 1898, and its property was divided among the Zoarites. It was an end to the communal experience at Zoar. The Village is now an Ohio Historical Society site and is open to the public as Zoar Village State Memorial. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F03_028_001
Subjects: Zoar (Tuscarawas County, Ohio)--History--Pictorial works.; Society of Separatists of Zoar--History
Places: Zoar (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)