Description: In 1837, the Presbyterian Church founded Muskingum College at New Concord, Ohio. One of the first coeducational institutions of higher education in the United States, the college has a current enrollment of approximately 1,550 students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04013
Subjects: Education--Ohio; Cultural Ohio--Education; Art, American--Ohio
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This color image shows the S-Bridge in Muskingum County, outside of New Concord, Ohio. The S-bridges were single-arch stone bridges, which crossed small, curving streams with uneven banks. Here the road over the bridge merges with a four-lane highway (U.S. 40). This bridge is known by several names: Fox Run S-Bridge; Fox Creek S-Bridge, and S-Bridge II. S-Bridges were a type of bridge used on the National Road, one of the first paved (gravel) roads to cross the Appalachian Mountains. The United States Congress authorized construction of the road in 1806. In 1811 the Congress awarded contracts to private builders to construct the road. The War of 1812 prevented construction from beginning until 1815. Construction began in Cumberland, Maryland, and the contractors completed the road to Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), in 1817. Eventually, the federal government extended the road to near St. Louis, Missouri. Construction of the National Road occurred in Ohio from 1825 to 1838. In 1926 the National Road became part of U.S. 40. The S-Bridge, when viewed from above, resembles the letter "S." Workers made the bridges out of cut stone, which proved to be a more durable material than wood. The reason for the unusual shape was to make construction easier for the workers. When the National Road crossed a creek or stream at an angle, the workers built the bridge's supporting arches at a right angle to the stream. This process allowed water to flow through the arches more easily and also allowed workers easier access to build the bridges from each side of a creek or stream. Some people claim that the S-Bridges were designed to stop runaway horses, but there is no supporting evidence for this claim. A total of five S-Bridges existed along the National Road in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06952
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; National Road; Muskingum County (Ohio); New Concord (Ohio)
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: The S-Bridge and Ohio Historical Marker for the S-Bridge in Muskingum County. It is like many others on the National Road. The historical marker reads "Coaches, Conestoga wagons, herds of livestock, pioneers on foot or horseback, peddlers, soldiers, beggars - these and many have crossed this bridge on the National Road since 1830. Like many others on the road, the bridge was built with well-cut stone and good mortar in the shape of an "S" because it was easier to erect than one thrown straight across an oblique stream." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06877
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; Muskingum County (Ohio); New Concord (Ohio)
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This color image shows a stone marker denoting Zane's Trace, a travel route, and Treber Inn, which provided lodging for travelers during the early 19th century. The marker, made of pinkish stone, reads: "Zane Trace, Ohio's first highway and mail route authorized by Congress in 1796 / Marked and cleared in 1797 by Col. Ebenezer Zane / A blazed trail, it became the route of the old stage line from Maysville to Wheeling used by noted statesmen to and from the Southwest and Washington. "Tremor Inn, Erected in 1797. Became "traveler's rest" in 1798 / Here, for over sixty years, distinguished guests and weary foot travelers found entertainment / Nearby, in 1793, Asahel Edgington was slain by Indians / the first white man killed in Adams County. "Erected by Adams County Historical Society 1933." Zane's Trace was an early road in the Northwest Territory that connected Wheeling, Virginia, to Limestone, Kentucky (present-day Maysville). It was a major road in early Ohio until well after the War of 1812. In 1796, Ebenezer Zane petitioned Congress for permission to build a road through the region, with the stipulation that the American government would grant him land where the road crossed the Muskingum, Hocking, and Scioto Rivers. The government agreed to his terms and required the road to be open by January 1, 1797. It was widely believed that a road would encourage increased trade and settlement in Ohio. Zane's Trace was more a trail than a road. Zane used existing Native American trails wherever possible and cut down trees to create a primitive path. Tomepomehala, an Indian guide, helped Zane plot the road. Prior to Ohio's statehood, Zane's Trace was not accessible by wagon. It was so narrow and rough that it was only passable on foot or on horseback. Zane built ferries at each of the river crossings and profited from the travel over the road. A small town began to develop where the ferry was located at the mouth of the Licking River. It came to be known as Zanesville. After Ohio became a state in 1803, the state legislature set aside money to improve the road. The goal was to make Zane's Trace accessible to wagons. By 1804, trees had been cut down to make the road twenty feet wide. Logs were laid across marshy areas to create corduroy roads, and several bridges were built. It was now possible to travel by wagon from Wheeling to Chillicothe, although many tree stumps were still standing in the middle of the road. People who traveled the road began to refer to it by a number of different names, including the Wheeling Road, the Wheeling-Limestone Road, or just the Limestone Road, rather than Zane's Trace. Zane's Trace encouraged significant economic and population growth in the Northwest Territory and the young state of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06963
Subjects: Historical marker; Zane's Trace (Ohio); Zane, Ebenezer, 1747-1812; Transportation--Ohio--History; Northwest Territory; Adams County (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio); Adams County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fox Run S-Bridge and Park over Fox Creek in New Concord, Ohio which was once part of the Historic National Road. Photograph ca. 1935-1943. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F18_021
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of "Skaters" painted by Clyde Singer in 1941. The painting is located at a post office in New Concord, Ohio in Muskingum County. Photographed by Connie Girard in 1988. The photo is from the Ohio Post Office Artwork Collection, AV 48. The collection represents thirty murals or plaster reliefs installed in twenty-five Ohio post offices between 1937 and 1943. In 1988, Connie Girard photographed the artwork. Photos were published in the article “Not By Bread Alone, Post Office Art of the New Deal.” Timeline. June-July 1989, p. 2-19 by Gerald Markowitz and Marlene Park. In 1932, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt was elected President he promised Americans a "New Deal" and created public works programs to provide jobs for the millions of unemployed people, including artists. Ten thousand unknown and established artists were commissioned by the government to create murals, paintings, photographs, posters, prints and sculpture. The goal was not only to employ artists, but also to bring fine art into the daily lives of all people. The Public Works of Art Project (PWAP) was funded for six months in 1933 – 1934. The PWAP was succeeded by the Treasury Department’s Section of Painting and Sculpture. Organized in 1934 the Section of Painting and Sculpture operated until 1943. Under the auspices of this organization sixty-six new Ohio post offices received artwork. The majority of the post offices were located in small towns. Post offices were chosen as a location for artwork because, particularly in small towns, they were centers of community activity. Most of the painted murals or murals in plaster relief created are realistic images reflecting the history, common activities or major industries of the communities in which the post offices are located. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: av48_b2_f20_01
Subjects: Post office stations and branches--Ohio--Photographs; Public art--Ohio--Photographs; Public Works of Art Project (United States); New Deal art
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: Muskingum College, from "Historical Collections of Ohio" by Henry Howe, 1847. In 1837, the Presbyterian Church founded Muskingum College at New Concord, Ohio. It was one of the first coeducational institutions of higher education in the United States. The institution has operated continuously since the 1830s, boasting an enrollment of 1,550 students in 2002. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04014
Subjects: New Concord (Ohio); Cultural Ohio--Education; Art, American--Ohio; Universities and colleges
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. Pictured here is the farmhouse of William Culbertson, located about 5 miles southeast of New Concord, Ohio, in Muskingum County. Culbertson operated about 180 acres with his father, primarily in corn and alfalfa, and had a flock of over 100 sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F33_001_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Barns; Rural life
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. Pictured here is a barn on the farm of William Culbertson, located about 5 miles southeast of New Concord, Ohio, in Muskingum County. A flock of chickens and a crop of alfalfa can be seen. Culbertson operated about 180 acres with his father, primarily in corn and alfalfa, and had a flock of over 100 sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F33_002_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Barns; Rural life; Livestock; Crops
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. Pictured here is the farmhouse and outbuildings of William Culbertson, located about 5 miles southeast of New Concord, Ohio, in Muskingum County. Culbertson operated about 180 acres with his father, primarily in corn and alfalfa, and had a flock of over 100 sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F33_003_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Barns; Rural life
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. Pictured here is the farmhouse and corn crop of William Culbertson, located about 5 miles southeast of New Concord, Ohio, in Muskingum County. Culbertson operated about 180 acres with his father, primarily in corn and alfalfa, and had a flock of over 100 sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F33_004_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Farmhouses; Rural life
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a part of a series of photographs taken by the Ohio Department of Agriculture documenting farms in Ohio. Pictured here are barns on the farm of William Culbertson, located about 5 miles southeast of New Concord, Ohio, in Muskingum County. Culbertson operated about 180 acres with his father, primarily in corn and alfalfa, and had a flock of over 100 sheep. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA726AV_B01F33_005_1
Subjects: Agriculture--Ohio; Farming; Barns; Rural life
Places: New Concord (Ohio); Muskingum County (Ohio)