Description: This photograph depicts a H.J. Heinz Company building in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Youngstown-Buckeye conduit was used in this building. On the photo is written: "H.J. HEINZ CO. PITTSBURGH YOUNGSTOWN BUCKEYE CONDUIT" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B03F44_002
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Construction; Steel industry and trade--Pennsylvania--Pittsburgh; H.J. Heinz Company
Places: Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania); Allegheny County (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: This image is an engraved portrait of Major Ebenezer Denny (1761-1882), Revolutionary War soldier and first mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In this portrait, Denny is wearing a ruffled shirt and a high-collared waistcoat and coat. This engraving appears opposite the title page of his book "Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, An Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars" (1859), published in Philadelphia. Denny was born March 11, 1761, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and joined the Continental Army in 1778. He witnessed the British surrender at the 1781 Siege of Yorktown (Yorktown, Virginia) and wrote a description of that event in his war journal. It is one of the most frequently quoted accounts of the event. After the Revolutionary War, Denny also witnessed two of the worst military defeats of U.S. military forces by American Indians: Harmar’s Campaign and St. Clair’s Defeat. Both events occurred in the Northwest Territory, in present-day Ohio. In fall 1790, Josiah Harmar, commander of the U.S. army in the Northwest Territory, was stationed at Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati). He received orders from Secretary of War Henry Knox to end the threat of American Indian attack in western Ohio. Harmar marched from Fort Washington with 320 regular soldiers and roughly 1,100 militiamen, primarily from Pennsylvania and Kentucky. The militiamen were poorly trained and badly equipped, and the U.S. forces were soundly defeated in a series of battles with the American Indian forces led by Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle). Following Harmar's defeat, native attacks against settlers increased. In 1791, Major-General Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory, led another campaign against the American Indian tribes in western Ohio, hoping to succeed where Harmar had failed. Lieutenant Ebenezer Denny was St. Clair’s aide-de-camp. St. Clair ordered the construction of forts in what is now western Ohio. He and his men left Fort Washington in September 1791. After a two-day journey, the troops stopped and built Fort Hamilton. Then they advanced forty-five miles northward and built Fort Jefferson. From the beginning of his campaign, St. Clair had trouble with his poorly trained and demoralized troops. Although it was still early fall, his men faced cold temperatures, rain, snowfall, and insufficient food. Despite these problems, St. Clair continued to advance against the Miami natives. By November 3, his men had arrived on the banks of the Wabash River, near some of the Miami villages. The next day Little Turtle, along with Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket), led a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes against the U.S. troops and soundly defeated them. In his account of the day’s events, Denny wrote, “The ground was literally covered with the dead.” The battle known as “St. Clair’s Defeat” remains the worst defeat of the U.S. Army at the hands of American Indians. On November 19, Denny left for Philadelphia, where he had the unenviable task of informing President George Washington and Secretary of War Knox of the defeat. Washington demanded that St. Clair resign from the army. St. Clair did so on April 7, 1792, but remained governor of the Northwest Territory. In 1794, Washington dispatched General Anthony Wayne to succeed where St. Clair had failed. Wayne defeated the Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August 1794. In 1795, most natives in modern-day Ohio signed the Treaty of Greeneville, relinquishing all of their land holdings in Ohio except what is now the northwestern corner of the state. Denny continued his military service until 1794, when he resigned his commission and settled near Pittsburgh. He entered local politics and held several offices before being elected the city’s first mayor in 1816. He resigned the office in 1817 because of ill health. He died in July 1822. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07028
Subjects: American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783; Kekionga, Battle of, Ohio, 1791; American Indians--Warfare; Northwest Territory--History; Veterans; Mayors
Places: Carlisle (Pennsylvania); Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania);
 

Description: Illustrated atlas of the upper Ohio River and Ohio River Valley region, covering the area from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to Cincinnati, Ohio., 1877. This atlas includes an index which explains the segments of the river mapped in the volume, as well as extensive illustrations depicting notable residences, sites and cities found along the Ohio River. Also includes several pages of "Patrons' Business Notices." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Page1
Subjects: Maps--Midwest--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development; Ohio River Valley--History; Ohio River; Cities and towns--Ohio;
Places: Ohio River; Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio); Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania);
 

Description: View of the Ohio River and the City of Cincinnati, facing southeast. The plain two story brick building on the left is Sattler's Groceries and Meats. Near the center of the photograph, a water tower with the word "Seeds" can be seen, underneath which is a sign reads "The J. Chas. McCullough Seed Co.. Only Retail Space. [?]30 East 4th. [?]erald Lawn." The J. Chas. McCullough Seed Company was founded in 1838, and originally gathered from the families' 48 acre farm. The company expanded many times, with offices and warehouses located all along Walnut Street, just below Fourth Street. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. The first bridge, from left to right, is the L&N Bridge or Louisville & Nashville RR Bridge, opened in 1872 as the Newport & Cincinnati Bridge and was the first railroad bridge to cross the Ohio River in Cincinnati. The bridge was modified in 1897 to include street car and horse and cart traffic. In 1904, the cart path was paved for automobiles and the bridge renamed as the L&N Bridge after its new owners. By the late 1940's street car service was removed and in 1987 railroad traffic ceased. By the 1990's the bridge was lightly used by automobile traffic, and was officially renamed the CSX Bridge after new owners. On April 17, 2001 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, closed to automobiles in 2002, and reopened in 2003 after a $4 million renovation as a pedestrian only bridge. The center bridge, called the Central Bridge or Cincinnati & Newport Bridge, was finished in 1890 and was the first "standard" cantilever truss bridge to be built. Located next to the L&N Bridge seen in the background, the Central Bridge had a similar type and length of approach spans to that of the L&N bridge, with the piers built from identical stone. Demolished in 1992, the bridge was replaced by the Taylor-Southgate Bridge in 1995. The last bridge, locally known as "The Suspension Bridge", was designed by engineer John A. Roebling, the Covington and Cincinnati Bridge was completed in December of 1866, following a decade of construction which was delayed by the Civil War and financial constraints. At the time it was built, the bridge had the longest main span in the world and was also the first bridge to use both vertical suspenders and diagonal stays branching out from the towers. The bridge was remodeled in 1894 to widen the deck and to accommodate more weight. The bridge was named the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge in 1984. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F08_029
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Bridges--Ohio River; Ohio River; National Register of Historic Places;
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: View of the Ohio River, described as being taken from the summit of Grave Creek Mound, which is along the West Virginia bank of the river in the city of Moundsville. The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at modern-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It ends approximately 900 miles downstream at Cairo, Illinois, where it flows into the Mississippi River. It received its English name from the Iroquois word "O-Y-O," meaning "the great river." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04020
Subjects: Ohio River; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio
Places: Grave Creek Mound (West Virginia)
 

Description: The caption reads: Main Street, Middleport". Middleport, a village in Meigs County, was named because it is the midpoint of the journey between Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cincinnati, Ohio. It was founded on Ohio Company land in 1798 by New Englanders and Revolutionary War veterans. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F08_003_001
Subjects: Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Middleport (Ohio); Meigs County (Ohio)
 

Description: Blast furnace and south wall of ore yard 1916 at Republic Steel Youngstown, Ohio. The Republic Iron and Steel Company was organized in 1899, establishing its headquarters in Chicago, Illinois. In 1905 the company moved its headquarters to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and in 1911 transferred them to Youngstown, Ohio. The company became the Republic Steel Corporation in 1930 and in 1936 moved to Cleveland, Ohio. Until the decline of the steel industry in the 1970s and early 1980s, Republic was a vital economic force in the Mahoning Valley area. Nationally, the company was a mainstay of steel production in the United States, producing steel used by, among others, the American automobile, defense, and air industries. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, at a time when steel companies across the country were closing plants, the company substantially reduced its operations in the vicinity of Youngstown. In 1983 LTV bought Republic Steel, making the former company the nation's second largest steel-making concern. The Brown Collection contains materials on the Republic Corporation up until the time of its merger with LTV. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0012_B04F35_004
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel Industry; Blast furnaces--Equipment and supplies; Blast furnaces--Design and construction; Steel industry and trade--Youngstown (Ohio); Blast furnaces--United States
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: View of the Ohio River seen from below Cincinnati. The Ohio River is formed by the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers at modern-day Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It ends approximately 900 miles downstream at Cairo, Illinois, where it flows into the Mississippi River. It received its English name from the Iroquois word, "O-Y-O," meaning "the great river." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04021
Subjects: Ohio River; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Charles Warren Fairbanks (1852-1918), served as Vice President of the United States from 1905 to 1909 under President Theodore Roosevelt. Fairbanks was born on a farm near Unionville Center, Ohio. He graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University with a bachelor of arts and worked with the Associated Press in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio. He later studied law and worked for many railroad companies. Before he was Theodore Roosevelt's vice president, he was a member of the Senate from 1896 to 1905. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04064
Subjects: Vice-Presidential candidates--United States; Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Ohio Wesleyan University; Portrait photography
 

Description: Reverse reads "Ohio River Obelisk Monument. Eden Park. Cin. O.." Also known as just the Ohio River Monument or the Navigation Monument, the thirty foot high gray granite memorial was dedicated in 1929 by President Herbert Hoover, to commemorate the completion of the canal system in the Ohio River that connected Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania to Cairo, Illinois. Bronze plaques on each of its four sides tell the story of the canal and list the leaders of Ohio Valley Improvement Association. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F06_006_001
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Monuments--Ohio; Obelisks; Parks--Ohio--Cincinnati; Parks--Cincinnati (Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Stephen Collins Foster who was born in Lawrenceville, Pennsylvania on July 4, 1826, was know as the "father of American Music." In 1846 he moved to Cincinnati, Ohio and became a bookkeeper for his brother's steamship company. It was there that he began to write music. He died in Lower Manhattan, New York on January 13, 1864 and was buried in Allegheny Cemetery in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His song, "Beautiful Dreamer" was published shortly after his death. This statue is in Alms Park, Cincinnati, Ohio View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F06_013_001
Subjects: Foster, Stephen C. (Stephen Collins), 1826-1864; Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: 20-wheeled 200-ton hot metal mixer car made for the Duquesne Works by the William B. Pollock Company of Youngstown, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0031_B02F71_001
Subjects: Slag; Steel industry; Hot metal
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio); Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania)