Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to load ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01499
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to load ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01500
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Trolley conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio being used to haul ice on to refrigerated railroad cars at the St. Louis Independent Packers Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1928. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01501
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Portrait photograph of Black Bear, a chief of the Lakota people, seen posing with a pipe and wearing a feather in his scalplock. His hair is braided in strips of cloth whose ends are draped over his right forearm. He wears a scarf or neckerchief tied at the front and held by a shell-like clasp. According to an article in "Nebraska History," the magazine of the Nebraska Historical Society, the photographer who took this image likely was Daniel S. Mitchell. He left his studio and family in Boston and departed for the Black Hills area around 1874. He had a photography studio in Cheyenne, Wyoming Territory, from 1876 to 1877. He formed a partnership with another photographer, Joseph H. McGowan, 1877, that was supported by Gatchel & Hyatt, a firm in St. Louis, Missouri. (Gatchel & Hyatt also had branches in Louisville and in Cincinnati.) The two men worked as traveling photographers who set up a tent studio in towns along the Union Pacific Railroad route. In early fall 1877 Mitchell is believed to have traveled to the Red Cloud Agency in northwestern Nebraska and photographed portraits of Dakota and Arapahoe Indian chiefs. This portrait of Black Bear is included in that group. Mitchell, McGowan, & Co. settled in Omaha, Nebraska, in 1878, but the partnership dissolved in the fall of that year. The back of this card reads: "Mitchell & McGowan, Traveling Photographers. Headquarters, Gatchell & Hyatt, No. 11 South Fifth Street. St. Louis, Mo." A line written in pencil reads: " J. F. Bush 1882." The name "Black Bear" also is penciled on the the back. The Smithsonian Institution's National Anthropological Archives has a undated stereoscopic photograph titled "Twenty-four Portraits of Chiefs, Most in Partial Native Dress with Pipes." The photographic, which resembles a small portrait gallery, includes an image of Black Bear in a slightly different pose. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03833
Subjects: American Indians--Portraits; American Indian history and society; Clothing and dress; Oglala Indians; United States. Office of Indian Affairs. Red Cloud Agency
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: This photograph depicts Hotel Statler in St. Louis, Missouri. Youngstown-Buckeye conduit was used this hotel. At the bottom of the photo is written: "HOTEL STATLER ST. LOUIS YOUNGSTOWN BUCKEYE CONDUIT" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B03F48_001
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Construction; Steel industry; St. Louis (Mo.)
Places: St. Louis (Missouri); Missouri County (Missouri)
 

Description: A rubber belt conveyor made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, was used to move processed coal briquettes. Heated by a compressing machine, the briquettes are giving off steam. The compressed coal briquettes were used as fuel. The photograph was taken at the Anthracite Coalette Fuel Company, St. Louis, Missouri, 1911. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01309
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Illustration of the office of Boggs and Grant in St. Louis, Missouri, from "A Personal History of Ulysses S. Grant" by Albert Deane Richardson, 1885. Ulysses S. Grant worked in the real estate business here in 1859 and 1860 with the eponymous Henry Boggs, a cousin of Grant's wife, Julia Dent. Ulysses S. Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant in Point Pleasant, Ohio. During the U. S. Civil War, Grant was promoted to the rank of general and granted command of the Union army by President Abraham Lincoln. After the victory of the Union over the Confederacy, Grant's popularity led to his election as the 18th President of the United States in 1868. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04554
Subjects: United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Military Ohio; Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885
Places: St. Louis (Missouri)
 

Description: Birthplace of U. S. Grant. Ulysses Simpson Grant was born Hiram Ulysses Grant on April 27, 1822, in Point Pleasant, Ohio. In 1823, his family moved to Georgetown, Ohio. Grant lived there until he received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1839. Grant graduated from West Point in 1843. He ranked twenty-first in a class of thirty-nine students. Grant served under General Zachary Taylor in the Mexican-American War. In the years before the American Civil War, Grant lived much of the time in St. Louis, Missouri, working as a real estate agent and as a farmer. He failed in both of these businesses. Grant also assisted his father in a tannery business. After the Battle of Fort Sumter in April 1861, Grant volunteered for military duty. He first served as colonel of the Twenty-First Illinois Infantry but soon was promoted to the rank of brigadier general due to his previous military experience. In March 1864, President Lincoln promoted Grant to lieutenant general and named him supreme commander of all Union forces. By early June 1864, Grant had surrounded General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia at Petersburg, Virginia, and a ten month siege ensued. The Northerners finally drove the Confederates from Petersburg in early April 1865, and The Army of Northern Virginia surrendered on April 9, 1865. n 1868, the Democratic Party chose Horatio Seymour as its presidential candidate. Seymour, a former governor of New York, supported states' rights and opposed equal rights for African Americans with whites. The Republican Party selected Grant, a defender of equal opportunities for African Americans with whites and a supporter of a strong federal government. Grant easily won the Electoral College vote, capturing twenty-six of the thirty-four states. Grant's first term as president was troubled with corruption. Grant remained above the corruption, but some of the U.S. public faulted him for his poor leadership and his inability to control his cabinet. Grant sought reelection in 1872. He won easily, receiving fifty-six percent of the popular vote. Grant promised to end the violence in the South but did little about it during his second term. An economic depression in 1873 further alienated the public from Grant. Due to Grant's declining popularity, the Republican Party nominated Rutherford B. Hayes as president, although Grant had desired to seek a third term. Grant also sought the party's candidacy in 1880, but the Republicans selected James Garfield instead. Grant spent his last years in New York, writing his memoirs. When he was elected president, Grant had resigned his commission in the military. In 1885, the United States Congress reappointed Grant as General of the Army. His salary helped him pay rising bills. He died on July 23, 1885 from throat cancer. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07703
Subjects: Ohio History--Presidents and Politics; Grant, Ulysses S., 1822-1885; Birthplaces; Historic houses
Places: Point Pleasant (Ohio); Clermont County (Ohio)
 

Description: The National Road passing through St. Clairsville, Ohio, from "Historical Collections of Ohio" by Henry Howe, 1907. Congress authorized construction of the National Road in 1806, and in 1811, awarded contracts to private builders to construct the road. The War of 1812 prevented work from beginning until 1815. Construction began in Cumberland, Maryland, and the contractors completed the road to Wheeling, Virginia (modern-day West Virginia), in 1817. Eventually, the federal government extended the road to near St. Louis, Missouri. From 1825 to 1838, the National Road was extended across Ohio. The federal government authorized individual states, including Ohio, to maintain the National Road. To cover the associated maintenance costs, Ohio turned the National Road into a toll road. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04016
Subjects: Transportation--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
Places: St. Clairsville (Ohio); Belmont County (Ohio)
 

Description: A bucket carrier, scraper conveyor type, made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio, is shown at this coal pocket. It is receiving the coal from the hopper and delivering it to the storage pocket. This photograph was taken at the Illinois Traction System Coal Pocket, St. Louis, Missouri, 1911. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01308
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: St. Louis (Illinois)
 

Description: United States Road handbill, 1819. The notice is a request for bids from contractors interested in working on the National Road (also called the Cumberland Road or the U.S. Road), the first federally sponsored roadway. The notice states that David Shriver, Jr., superintendent of the National Road, is accepting bids for construction of the road segment that would link Uniontown and Washington, Pennsylvania. The U.S. Congress commissioned the National Road in 1806 as a conduit to the West, linking the Potomac River and Cumberland, Maryland, to St. Louis, Missouri, and the Mississippi River. The road opened Ohio and the Northwest Territory to settlement and trade with the eastern U.S. By 1838 the Cumberland Road had reached Springfield, Ohio; three years later it reached Vandalia, Illiinois, where construction stopped due to a funding shortfall. By this time the railroads attracted travelers and business shipping away from the National Road, and the project was abandoned. A century later the advent of the automobile made the National Road popular once again. The National Road bisected Ohio along what is now U.S. 40. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05817
Subjects: Cumberland Road--History; Transportation--Ohio--History; Roads--United States--History; Shriver, David, 1769-1852; Handbills, Advertising
Places: Cumberland (Maryland); Allegany County (Maryland);
 

Description: A toll house along the National Road in Pennsylvania. In this image, three young children stand in front of a picket fence that runs along the front of the toll house. The National Road (also called the Cumberland Road or the U.S. Road) was the first federally sponsored roadway. The U.S. Congress commissioned the National Road in 1806 as a conduit to the West, linking the Potomac River and Cumberland, Maryland, to St. Louis, Missouri, and the Mississippi River. The road opened Ohio and the Northwest Territory to settlement and trade with the eastern U.S. In 1835, when the federal government gave the states control over the National Road, Pennsylvania made its segment a toll road. The toll house in this image was one of six in Pennsylvania. By 1838 the Cumberland Road had reached Springfield, Ohio; three years later it reached Vandalia, Illiinois, where construction stopped due to a funding shortfall. By this time the railroads had attracted travelers and business shipping away from the National Road, and the project was abandoned. The advent of the automobile in the twentieth century renewed the popularity of the National Road's route. The National Road crossed the state of Ohio along what is now U.S. 40. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05818
Subjects: Cumberland Road--History; Toll roads--Pennsylvania--History; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
Places: Pennsylvania