Description: When raw materials for making steel arrived at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works in rail cars, the most efficient way to get the material into the yard was to tip the car over. Seen here, ca. 1920, a machine called the car dumper was used to lift each car and turn it. The dumping of raw materials into piles was also called "baling." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05586
Subjects: Youngstown (Ohio); Railroads; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Factories
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Steelworkers use a mud gun in the cast house at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works, East Youngstown (Campbell), Ohio, ca. 1930-1939. The mud gun swung from an arm mounted on a pedestal in the cast house. The clay plugged the hole by plugging or screwing in the clay. The plugging method varied depending on the type of gun being used at the time. The gun could be powered by steam or an electric motor. After every use, the gun needed cleaning and the clay was discarded. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05609
Subjects: Blast furnaces--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Iron and steel workers--Ohio
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: A steelworker plugs the cinder notch in the cast house at the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works, East Youngstown (Campbell), Ohio, ca. 1930-1939. Workers first flushed the slag out of the blast furnace at the cinder notch. Then they used a long steel bar called a bott to plug the cinder notch. At the end of the bar was the cinder notch plug, or the monkey bott. Later, at the end of the monkey bott was an oxygen lance. The worker operating the monkey bott was called a keeper. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05610
Subjects: Blast furnaces--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Iron and steel workers--Ohio
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Interior view photograph of the Republic Steel Corporation in Youngstown, Ohio, ca. 1930-1960. In the 1930s, the Republic Steel Corporation was at the center of a major labor dispute with its workers, who wanted to unionize; they succeeded, and during World War II and two decades afterwards the company prospered financially. In this image, the silhouette of an employee is seen against the glow of hot metal being poured from a ladle. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03304
Subjects: Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor; Republic Steel Corporation
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Exterior view photograph of the Republic Steel Corporation and the residential neighborhood surrounding the factory in Youngstown, Ohio, ca. 1930-1950. In the 1930s, the Republic Steel Corporation was at the center of a major labor dispute with its workers, who wanted to unionize; they succeeded, and during World War II and two decades afterwards the company prospered financially. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03305
Subjects: Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Ohio Economy--Economy--Labor; Republic Steel Corporation
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Shown in this image playing golf at his 75th birthday party, steel executive James A. Campbell remained in good health for most of his life. Three years prior to his death Campbell began to have a health problems, probably caused in part from the stress of the Youngstown Sheet and Tube-Bethlehem Steel merger trial. A heart attack claimed Campbell at his home on September 20, 1933. A daughter, Rebecca, preceded him in death by just a few months and Campbell's wife, Uretta, died just a couple of weeks later on October 2, 1933. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05561
Subjects: Youngstown (Ohio); Industrialists--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Sports; Golfers
Places: Liberty Township (Ohio); Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of the Brier Hill Steel Company, Youngstown, Ohio, ca. 1890-1899. The blast furnace shown was used to produce pig iron during the late nineteenth century. In 1913, the Brier Hill Works updated their equipment and began producing open hearth steel. This caught the attention of James A. Campbell, who led Youngstown Sheet and Tube's acquisition of the facility in 1923. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05577
Subjects: Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Blast furnaces--Ohio; Factories
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: The two open-ended steel cars on the hoist are called the skip cars. These cars transported raw material to the top of the blast furnace. Skip hoists often had two cars, so that one could be moving upward while the other was coming downward. This 1930s-era photograph is of an unidentified location, but it illustrates operations similar to the mechanical charging at Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Campbell Works. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05599
Subjects: Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Blast furnaces--Ohio; Factories
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated 1915, this photograph shows steelworkers manufacturing cotton ties at Upper Union Mills, Carnegie Steel Company. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03660
Subjects: Carnegie Steel Company; Labor--Ohio; Businesses; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a group of people in hard hats observing the demolition of a portion of the Ohio Works, U.S. Steel in Youngstown, Ohio, on August 7, 1983. U.S. Steel, headquartered in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, was founded in 1901. In the early twentieth century the company manufactured more than sixty percent of the steel made in the United States. However, by the early 1980s, changes in the steel industry led the company to drastically reduce its steel production and become more diversified. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04499
Subjects: Mahoning County (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Factories
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio); Trumbull County (Ohio)
 

Description: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Highview Plat, ca. 1919. The Highview Plat was one of the company's housing complexes which offered detached homes available for either rent ($25.00 per month) or for purchase (between $3,000.00 and $5,000.00). Neighborhoods like these were constructed by steel companies to house mill workers and their families. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05515
Subjects: Youngstown (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Architecture and Engineering; Mills and mill-work--Ohio; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company's Blackburn Plat in East Youngstown (Campbell), Ohio, 1918. The company constructed this housing for mill workers and their families following a strike in the early 20th century, and deliberately made the houses small to discourage the immigrant practice of taking in boarders. These apartments were rented at $15, $18, and $20 per month with water furnished, which constituted about a quarter of the average laborer's wage. By around 1920, well over 200 homes made up Blackburn Plat. The company sold this complex, as well as three others, in the 1940s. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05501
Subjects: Campbell (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Architecture and Engineering; Mills and mill-work--Ohio; Steel industry and trade--Ohio--Youngstown--History; Prefabricated houses
Places: East Youngstown (Ohio); Campbell (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)