Description: Photograph of a Queen Mary replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Queen Mary, of the once Cunard-White Star line, a British company, is a retired ocean linear that sailed the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967. In 1936, the Queen Mary held the world's record for speed in both east and west Atlantic crossings, averaging 30.63 knots an hour. The main dining room was 160 feet long and 118 wide, extending through three decks. It took 24 large boilers heated by 200 oil burners to generate steam for the turbines. Fumes from the boilers were carried off by the three funnels. During World War II, the Queen Mary, its running mate Queen Elizabeth, and Normandie were converted to be used as troopships. Queen Mary's hull, superstructure and funnels were painted navy gray in the conversion. In December 1942, she carried 16,082 American troops from New York to Great Britain. The Queen Mary still holds the standing record for the most passengers ever transported on one vessel. Before World War II, the ocean liner could accommodate 1,995 passengers with 421 cabin-class suites and rooms, 300 tourist class staterooms and 214 third-class rooms. On September 19, 1967, after 1,001 crossings of the Atlantic, Queen Mary retired. The Queen Mary now resides in Long Beach, California. Model dimensions: length 46", width 6", height 11". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_047_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Queen Mary (Steamship); Ship models
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 3" x 4" photograph of a Monitor replica from the collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Monitor, an iron-clad warship, is famous for its duel with the Merrimac, in the American Civil War. The Battle of Hampton Roads, often called the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac, received worldwide publicity as the first fight between two iron-clad ships. The Monitor, an iron-clad ship of unique design, was described by people as a "cheese box on a raft." The ship had a low deck, 172 feet long and 42 feet wide, that water easily rolled over it. At its center, was a revolving circular turret, 20 feet in diameter and 9 feet high, with two powerful XI-inch Dahlgren, smooth-bore cannons that could pour fire in all directions. Neither ship was materially damaged in the battle, but a lucky shot by the Merrimac through a sight-hole blinded the commanding officer of the Monitor. The inconclusive battle ended when the Monitor withdrew, as did the Merrimac shortly after. Model dimensions: length 14.5", width 3.5", height 3.5". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_044_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Warships Models
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a model frontier town from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The typical frontier town, a fortified town of log cabins, was similar to the Roman forts built in the wooded sections of North Europe. A formidable wall around the settlement was built from sharpened wooden posts. A blockhouse, usually built in a corner of the settlement, provided storage room and as a place of last defense. The corner placement of the blockhouse, allowed access to both the inside and outside for better defense. Firing platforms could be found in the corners of the palisades. A settlement, had to have a good water supply, or could not survive. The stream in the model was probably from a spring inside the town, since streams could be polluted and diverge from their courses. Model dimensions: length 24", width 30", height 6.5". Photograph is 4.5" x 7". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_051_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a spinning wheel from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. A spinning wheel is a tool used to spin thread or yarn from natural or synthetic fibers. Photograph is 5" x 7". Photographs and descriptions of a few models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_068_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking; Spinning-wheel
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of an American Indian bark house from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The bark house is similar to an Iroquois longhouse, but not as long. Among the tribes who lived in bark houses, or "lodges" were the Iroquois, Shawnee, Wyandotte, Delaware, Seneca, and Chippewa. Framework for the lodge was formed from stout poles, over which was placed an outer covering of bark, in horizontal strips, sewed on to the frame with bone punches and tough-fibered inner bark. In the spring, bark was peeled from elm trees, flattened by weights, and cut in sheets four by six or eight feet, before being used. A bark house structure was about 15 feet high at the ridge of the gable, just over 15 feet wide and sometimes 100 feet long or more. The roof rafters were reinforced with scores of small sapling poles and log "stingers" were used to anchor the bark on top of the roof. The inside of the bark house consisted of a row of bunks on each side of the lodge. Beds were formed with several layers of bark, covered with soft, hairy pelts. Chains of corn and fruit to be dried were strung on poles between the aisles. Firepits were placed in a prominent place in the aisle, where most of the cooking was done and light obtained at night. Smoke escaped from holes in the roof, that could be covered with bark panels when it rained. The lodge doorways were high and wide, and covered with an animal skin neatly laced to the door post. Model dimensions: length 40", width 20.5", height 17". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_052_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Indians of North America--Dwellings
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 7" x 4.5" photograph of an Eiffel Tower replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Eiffel Tower is a 984-foot symbol in the capital city of Paris, France. It was built between 1887 and 1889 by designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel. It was erected as a central identifying feature of the Paris Exposition of 1889. It has three levels. Stairs are available to reach the first two levels. However, visitors must take an elevator to reach the third level. The highest level reaches a height equal to that of a 90-story skyscraper. The Eiffel Tower's metal structure, consisting of steel and iron, weighs 7,300 tons. The total weight is 10,100 tons. The model is length 24", width 24", height 66". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_055_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Tour Eiffel (Paris, France)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 7" x 4.5" photograph of a steel truss bridge from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The model is a replica of a highway bridge over the Wabash river in Mercer County, Ohio. The model is length 59.5", width 15", height 13.5". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. It was the first in the nation to be created and maintained entirely by the State government. The school opened its doors in 1839, and it was located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution. Eleven students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind this first year. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2,058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s, the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953, the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education (kindergarten through high school) at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_057_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Truss Bridges Ohio
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 6" x 7.5" photograph of an arithmetic board from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The arithmetic board, a solid wood frame, had indented pockets, into which fit the 24 hearts used to teach arithmetic problems. The heart figures were made of compressed wood and painted in a primary color in contrast with the board. The layout of four different lines of figures allowed instruction in multiplication, addition, subtraction or fractions. Other arithmetic boards had figures of crescents, diamonds, circles, squares and stars. The process of using arithmetic boards was similar to the use of paper and pencil, but units were more easily understood than their numerical symbol. The model dimensions: width 14", height 9.5". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. It was the first in the nation to be created and maintained entirely by the State government. The school opened its doors in 1839, and it was located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution. Eleven students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind this first year. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2,058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s, the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953, the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education (kindergarten through high school) at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_060_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Arithmetic Study and teaching
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a guillotine from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The guillotine is an instrument used to carry out executions by decapitation. The most historic use was during the "Reign of Terror" during the French Revolution. This model guillotine is a replica on which Charlotte Corday was executed for the assassination of Jean-Paul Marat. Model dimensions: length 12", width 12.5", height 37". Photograph is 5" x 7". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. It was the first in the nation to be created and maintained entirely by the State government. The school opened its doors in 1839, and it was located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution. Eleven students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind this first year. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2,058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s, the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953, the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education (kindergarten through high school) at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_059_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Guillotine
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a Tom Thumb Locomotive replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Tom Thumb, the first-American built steam locomotive, built by wealthy New Yorker, Peter Cooper in 1830. Copper and others designed the little engine that weighted barely a ton. The locomotive was not expected to succeed on a road with grades and sharp curves, but in August 1830 the locomotive succeeded in hauling 4 1/2 tons, at a speed of 12 to 15 miles an hour, around curves and up grades. The Tom Thumb was built to demonstrate and convince owners of the Baltimore to Ohio Railroad, the first in the United State, to use steam engines. The Tom Thumb is most remembered for its race with a horse-drawn car in which it lost due to a belt slip from the drum that drove the blower. Later races demonstrated the Tom Thumb defeating the horse-drawn car by great distances. Model dimensions: length 14", width 4", height 10". Photograph is 5" x 6.5". Photographs and descriptions of a few models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_062_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Locomotives
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 5" x 7" photograph of the Take-Down House from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Take-Down House, a typical American residential architecture, was used to illustrate the many parts of house in detail. The model house, as tall as an average eight-year-old child, could be examined with little stooping. The interior of the house could be examined when placed on a low table. The house could be taken down, hence the name, to reveal its every detail --- the sides, roof, and sections of the house. The house had a large front porch, with columns of brick and wood and wooden balustrades. Windows opened easily due to concealed weights and pulleys that were enclosed at the side of the window sash. The basement would be exposed when the model was lifted from its brick foundation. In the basement would be found a hot air furnace, laundry tub and an electric panel board, including a fuse box, switch and meter. When placed back on its foundation, the first-floor parts could be examined by pulling away a side of the house. The kitchen had an exact replica of a sink. While the living room, with a fireplace, extended across the front of the house. The second-floor featured two bedrooms, with closets, a bathroom, and stairs that lead up to the attic. In addition, the supporting framework of a house could be examined by removing parts of the house. Model dimensions: length 6' 1/2", width 2' 11", height 5'. Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_066_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Model Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photo of a student at the Ohio State School for the Blind touching a model of an artesian well to develop a mental image. The model incorporates pipes for the well and shows the different series of rock. Reverse reads: “ARTESIAN WELL – Artesian well is a well formed by boring or drilling into a layer of porous rock or earth, which brings water from some higher point. Such a layer or stratum lying between two impervious layers of rock or clay is shown in the model. The rain falls upon it, where it is exposed, and seems inward, prevented by the harder rock below from going directly down. If a well is bored at any point between outcropping ends, water will be forced into it, perhaps flowing freely at the surface according to the principles explained by the lower half of the model. The name artesian was formerly restricted to flowing wells, and is derived from the province of Artois, Frank, where this type of well was first popular. Most artesian wells supply pure drinking water, excellent for domestic purposes, and for stock, though often containing minerals. They are common in many regions, where surface water of good quality is not easily obtained. In recent years, a large number of them have been bored in states east of the Appalachian Mountains and many cities now obtain their supply of water from them. They are also used extensively for irrigation. Some wells are very deep. One in Pittsburgh, Pa., is 4,625 feet and one in Galveston, Texas is over 3000 feet deppt. The deepest well in the world, at Leipzig, Germany, has a depth of 5735 feet. --- THE WORLD BOOK---“ “When several wells are bored in the same vicinity, the flow from each may be diminished, but the total discharge will increase until the limits of supply is reached. This well illustrated in the wells bored in the London basin which in 1838 gave a total daily supply of 6,000,000 gallons; in 1881 with a larger number of borings, the supply was about doubled while the force had diminished very markedly; also, in Denver, Colorado, where some years ago there were many flowing wells, which yielded water in large volume and with sufficient hear to rise to the upper floors of the buildings. As wells multiplied, the head and volume decreased so that in 1916 all wells in the center of the city had to be pumped and artesian water was available only in the lower parts of some of the surrounding country. The depth at which artesian water may be found, depends entirely upon local conditions. In the Paris basin the water bearing stratum is usually encountered at a depth exceeding 1500 feet. The famous well at Grenelle, near Paris was begun in 1833 and operations were continued until 1841, when, at a depth of 1797 feet, the water poured out with great force at the rate of 800,000 gallons per day. Another noted foreign well is that at Schladenbach near Leipzig with a depth of 5735 feet. In the United States, there are many notable examples of artesian wells. The first boring of great depth was made in St. Louis in 1849-54; a flow of 75 gallons per minute was obtained from a depth of 2200 feet. A well at Louisville Kentucky, in 2066 feet deep yields 330,000 gallons per day. Among other noteworthy wells are the following: Columbus, Ohio 2775 feet; Galveston, Texas, 3071 feet; Charleston, South Carolina, 1250 feet; Pittsburgh, Pa., 4625 feet; Chicago, 710 feet; and Edgemont, South Dakota, where two wells (2965 feet each) yield flows of 1,000,000 gallons a day at a temperature of 100°. The cost of sinking artesian wells varies with the depth mf and the character of the strata encountered. Up to 500 feet ex the cost commonly ranges from $3.00 to $6.00 per feet but below this limit the cost increases in proportion to the depth. The apparatus used in boring does not differ from that employed in sinking for petroleum. The first artesian borings were probably made by the Chinese. In the upper basin of the Yangtae Kiang there are wells 1500 to 3000 feet in depth from which brine for salt manufacture is obtained. This industry has been carried on since a very early period and is an illustration of the comparatively advanced state of progress attained by this people long before the Western nations had developed the mechanical arts beyond the crude stage. ---The Americana---“ View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_29_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking; Water wells
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)