Description: Caption reads: "Niehaus Statue of William McKinley, in front of Memorial, Canton." The McKinley Monument is located at 800 Monument Drive NW, adjacent to Westlawn Cemetery. It is a large granite structure, partly resembling in its lines and setting the Taj Mahal of India and, to a lesser degree, the tomb of Hadrian. In the foreground is a lagoon, built in four sections, each one a few feet higher than the one below, and flanked on both sides by tree-shaded walks. The building is in the form of a large cylinder capped with two domes. One dome, which is fifty feet in diameter and seventy-five feet high, is known as the interior dome. The exterior dome is seventy-five feet in diameter and ninety-five feet high. Less than halfway up the steps is the bronze figure of McKinley, one hand in his trousers pocket, the other holding a sheaf of papers. The bodies of McKinley, his wife Ida Saxton McKinley, and two infant daughters rest within the mausoleum. Here are also many McKinley relics. The tomb is constantly decorated by wreaths and flowers sent by individuals and organizations from all over the country. To honor McKinley, schoolchildren from across the United States donated money to build the McKinley National Memorial in Canton. The McKinley Memorial Association, formed after the president's death, helped raise the funds. Harold Van Buren Magonigle designed the McKinley National Memorial. Construction began on the memorial in 1905. Workers used over two million bricks in the tomb's construction. President Theodore Roosevelt, who became president upon McKinley's death, dedicated the memorial on September 30, 1907. William McKinley, Jr., was president of the United States from March 1897 to September 1901. McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio, but he spent much of his life in Canton, Ohio. Leon Czolgosz assassinated McKinley at the Pan American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. McKinley died on September 14, 1901, eight days after being shot. McKinley was the second president from Ohio to be assassinated. He also was the third president from Ohio to not survive his term in office. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F02_027_1
Subjects: Mausoleums--United States; Monuments & memorials--Ohio--Canton--1900-1910; McKinley National Memorial (Canton, Ohio); Canton, O. McKinley statue; Magonigle, H. Van Buren (Harold Van Buren), 1867-1935
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: This 1867 portrait of young Nathaniel W. Lord was painted by artist James Henry Beard (1814-) in Cincinnati, Ohio. Chin in hand, the boy is seated behind a large black-and-white dog in an outdoor setting. The boy's left hand rests on top of the animal's head. A dark, rather ominous-looking sky looms in the background. Nathaniel Wright Lord (1854-1911) became a professor of metallurgy and mineralogy and the first dean of the College of Engineering at The Ohio State University. After his death in May 1911, the university named the School of Mines building after him, which is known as Lord Hall. The subject's father, Henry Clark Lord, was the president of the Lafayette, Indianapolis and Cincinnati Railroad. Traveling between Cincinnati and New York, Beard was then making his name as "The Landseer of America. This photograph of the painting was taken after conservation. James Henry Beard (1812-1893) was a 19th-century American artists who specialized in portraits. Born in Buffalo, New York, Beard was a boy when his family moved to Painesville, Ohio. He was a self-taught artist and worked as a traveling portrait painter for several years. He settled in Cincinnati in 1834 but moved to New York City in 1846. He was inducted into the National Academy of Design in 1872. He died in 1893 in Flushing, Queens. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05871
Subjects: Cultural Ohio--Education; Lord, Nathaniel Wright, 1854-1911; Beard, James Henry, 1812-1893; Lord, Nathaniel Wright, 1854-1911; Portraits; Paintings
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph was taken facing northeast and shows the McKinley Memorial, on the grounds of Capitol Square, outside the Ohio Statehouse. The McKinley Memorial, located at the West entrance of Capitol Square, sits overlooking High Street at the site of the Old Neil House where he and his wife lived while in Columbus. An arc with a center pedestal is surmounted by a bronze statue of heroic size representing the martyred President, William McKinley, delivering his last address at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York in 1901. Bronze groups of allegorical figures at each end of the arc are connected with the pedestal by a granite bench. The memorial, sculptured by H.A. McNeil, was unveiled September 14, 1906, five years after the 25th President's assassination. Costs totaled $50,000 which came from legislation and public donations. The Ohio State Capitol, located at 1 Capitol Square, is a 2 acre building which stands in a 10-acre park bounded by High, Broad, State, and Third Streets, in downtown Columbus. Also known as the Ohio Statehouse, Columbus residents would often take advantage of the wide green lawns by allowing their cows and horses to graze there during the night. Legislative action ended the use of the building for a stable in 1878, but newspaper reports show that they remained through the 1880's. The beauty of the massive limestone structure depends principally upon simplicity and strength, emphasized by a row of Doric columns at each of its four entrances. The dome is the result of a compromise. The original design called for a dome surrounded by a colonnade that would harmonize with the general architecture, but the plan never was carried out because of bickering by legislators over cost and details of construction. The cornerstone was laid in 1839, and although the building was occupied by some State departments in 1857, it was not completed until 1861, 22 years after it was begun. When Henry Walter of Cincinnati was appointed supervising architect in 1839, numerous plans for the building were considered and the one finally adopted was a composite. Both convict and private labor were used, and limestone was hauled from a quarry northwest of Columbus, purchased by the State to ensure enough material, on a railroad especially constructed for that purpose. Delays in securing State appropriations, a severe cholera epidemic, and labor difficulties retarded construction work, which at one time ceased for six years. Before the building was completed, five architects had served during the administrations of 12 governors. It is considered one of the country’s outstanding examples of the Greek Revival style and at the time, it was the second largest building, behind only the United States Capitol building. The total cost of the capitol approximated $1,650,000. An annex, directly east of the capitol and connected with it by a stone terrace, was completed in 1901 at a cost of $450,000. The capitol proper is 504 feet long and 184 feet wide, with 12 – 15 inches thick foundation walls. The annex, 220 feet long and 100 feet wide, conforms architecturally with the main building. A flight of 12 steps from each of the four entrances to the capitol leads to a central rotunda. Offices of the governor and other State officials flank the four marble-floored foyers. Elaborately carved woods, marbles from many lands, and paintings and sculpture by noted American artists adorn the interior. In the center of the inlaid marble floor of the rotunda are 13 blocks, each representing one of the thirteen original States, surrounded by three circles and a sunburst of 32 points, one for each State at the time the marble was laid. One circle represents the unorganized territory at the time the Union was formed; another, the Louisiana Purchase; and the third, the territory acquired in the war with Mexico. A fourth circle, enclosing the sunburst, symbolizes the Constitution. Battle flags of Ohio – many of them shell-torn and bearing other service scars – are displayed in cabinets. Large historical murals by William Mark Young adorn the rotunda and the walls flanking the four main stairways. The rich decorations ascending the dome culminate in an illuminated reproduction, in art glass, of the Great Seal of Ohio. Tablets at the entrances to the rotunda pay tribute to Andrews’ Raiders of the Civil War; to Major General Benson Hough, Ohio soldier and jurist; to soldiers and sailors of the Civil War; and to 51 women leaders in the feminist movement, including several Ohioans. Other tablets commemorate the sesquicentennial (1937) of the Northwest Territory and the founding of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States (1899) in Columbus. Stairways lead from the floor of the rotunda to the Hall of Representatives and the Senate Chamber. At the head of the stairway on the north side stands the Lincoln Memorial, a bust of Lincoln executed by T.D. Jones. Directly to the east is a wall panel showing in relief a group of Union and Confederate officers who participated in the battle of Vicksburg. Outstanding among the capitol’s works of art is a large painting in the east foyer, Battle of Lake Erie, by William H. Powell. A copy of this paining is displayed in the nation’s Capitol. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F04B_015_1
Subjects: Capitol buildings; Memorials--Ohio; Capitol Square District (Columbus, Ohio); Governors--Ohio; Ohio. House of Representatives; Ohio. Senate; Walter, Henry; Sculpture, McKinley, William, 1843-1901
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fairport Harbor West Breakwater Lighthouse is located on Lake Erie near the end of the west breakwater at the mouth of the Grand River. It was built in 1925 to replace the existing lighthouse that was falling into disrepair. In 1917 Congress allowed $42, 000 for construction of the new lighthouse, but because of World War I, the construction was delayed. The lighthouse was constructed of an iron shell that was assembled in Buffalo, New York and transported to Fairport Harbor. The lighthouse construction was completed and the lighthouse was illuminated for the first time on June 9, 1925. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F09_005_1
Subjects: Erie, Lake--History--Pictorial works; Fairport Harbor Marine Museum (Fairport Harbor, Ohio); Lighthouses
Places: Fairport Harbor (Ohio); Lake County (Ohio)
 

Description: This flag was designed in 1901 for the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York. It flew over the exposition's Ohio Building and was designed by the building's architect, John Eisenmann of Cleveland. The flag measures 44.88 by 76.37 inches (114 by 194 cm). Prior to 1901, Ohio did not have an official flag. This particular design, however, created by architect John Eisenmann, attracted the attention of Ohio's House of Representatives. In 1902, a bill was enacted and by May 9, 1902 the design was signed into law as the state flag. The swallow-tailed pennant is steeped with Ohio symbolism. Triangles formed by the main lines represent Ohio's hills and valleys, while the stripes represent Ohio's roads and waterways. The stars indicate the thirteen original states of the Union and are grouped around a circle or O, which symbolizes the Northwest Territory. The four stars on the other side of the O denote that Ohio was the fourth new state to enter the Union. Added together, the seventeen stars signify that Ohio was the seventeenth state in the Union. The white circle with its red center represents the initial letter of Ohio and suggests a buckeye, since Ohio is known as the "Buckeye State." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1475_1160733_001
Subjects: Ohio Government; Flags
Places: Ohio
 

Description: The McKinley Memorial in Canton and the tombs of William and Ida McKinley. Construction for the McKinley Memorial began in 1906 and was completed in 1907, and dedicated in 1941. McKinley was born on January 29. 1843 in Niles, Ohio. After returning from the Civil War, he open his law practice in Canton, Ohio. He became the 25th President of the United States in 1897. Just six months after his inauguration for a second term as president, McKinley was visiting the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York, on September 1, 1901, when he was shot by anarchist Leon Czolgosz during a public reception. Though he initially appeared to be recovering well, his health took a turn for the worse and he succumbed to his injuries in the early morning hours of September 14th. His death meant the third successful presidential assassination in our country’s history, and the second for a president from Ohio. He died on September 14 in Boston, New York. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06586
Subjects: McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Memorials--Ohio; Presidents--Death and burial
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "file 10-29-39. Ironton, O. Semet Solvay, which manufactures coke and iron by-products of coal." The photograph shows a manufacturing plant with three large smoke stacks, the closest of which reads "Ironton Solvay" The Solvay Process Company was a pioneer chemical industry of the United States, a major employer in central New York, and origin of the Village of Solvay, New York. The Solvay Process Company was a joint venture between the inventing chemists, Belgians Ernest and Alfred Solvay, who owned the patent rights to the Solvay process, and Americans William B. Cogswell (1834–1921) and Rowland Hazard II (1829–1898). The Hazard family invested in an affiliated business, the Semet-Solvay Company, formed in 1895. Louis Semet, a relative of Ernest and Alfred Solvay, had developed with the brothers a coke oven designed to recover valuable materials formerly wasted in the coking process. In 1892 the Solvay Process Company built the first of the ovens in America, forming the Semet-Solvay Company three years later to build and operate them. Coke plants were located in Ashland, Kentucky; Buffalo, New York; Detroit, Michigan; and Ironton, Ohio. Semet-Solvay operated its own mines in West Virginia, providing much of its coal supply. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F11_005_1
Subjects: Coke industry--United States; Coke industry--By-products; Semet-Solvay Company; Solvay Process Company;
Places: Ironton (Ohio); Lawrence County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the McKinley monument during the 50 year memorial of his death. William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot in Buffalo, New York on September 6, 1901 and died on September 14, 1951. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06587
Subjects: McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Memorials--Ohio; Presidents--Death and burial
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Four photographs document events in Canton, Ohio that marked the 50th anniversary of the death of President William McKinley. The anniversary was marked by the rededication of the McKinley Memorial and a parade. The parade followed the route taken by the McKinley funeral procession in 1901. Various industries were invited to participate in the parade. Among the floats was "Remember the Maine," sponsored by the Timken Roller Bearing Company. The final image shows the end of the parade at the memorial. The photographs measure between 2.5" x 6" (6.35 x 15.24 cm) and 5" x 8" (12.7 x 20.32 cm). William McKinley (1843-1901), the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born in Niles, Ohio. He enlisted in the army at the outbreak of the Civil War and, after being mustered out, studied law and opened a law office in Canton, Ohio. McKinley served in the U.S. Congress for 14 years, and became president in 1897, largely due to the influence of Marcus Hanna, boss of the Cleveland political machine. McKinley was most noted for his foreign policy and the conduct of the Spanish-American War in 1898. It was during McKinley's administration that the U.S. acquired its first overseas possessions in the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. He was re-elected in 1900, but was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901. President McKinley was shot in Buffalo, New York on September 6th, died there on September 11th and was buried in Canton on September 19, 1901. His running mate, Theodore Roosevelt, then became president. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3233_4401940_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Architecture; McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Presidents; Funeral rites & ceremonies; Monuments & memorials; Building dedications; Anniversaries; Parades & processions; Floats (Parades); Horses; Crowds
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Rockefeller Building, a 17-story office building erected by John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) between 1903 and 1905. The view is of the front entrance. A lone male pedestrian is walking past the building. Designed by Know and Elliot, the Rockefeller Building exemplifies the "Sullivanesque" style as it resembles to Louis Sullivan's Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York. The historic Weddell House hotel built in 1847 previously stood on the site, which is at the corner of Superior and West 6th Street. The Rockefeller Building was rented to businesses involved in iron, coal, and lake-shipping industries. The original structure consisted of seven bays along Superior Avenue, and in 1910 an additional four bays in the same design were added to the west side. Josiah Kirby bought the building in 1920 and changed its name to the Kirby Building. Rockefeller was angered by the change and bought the building back, restoring the name in 1923. Rockefeller moved to the Cleveland area with his family at age fourteen. He ventured into the oil business in 1863. During the 1870s and 1880s, Rockefeller sought to expand Standard Oil's influence. The company began to purchase or drive oil refiners out of business across the United States. By 1878, Standard Oil purportedly controlled ninety percent of the oil refineries in the United States. In 1881 the Standard Oil Company became known as the Standard Oil Trust. In essence, the Standard Oil Company created various companies across the United States that were purportedly their own entities. In reality, Rockefeller directed all of these businesses. Rockefeller was alive during the government's attack on Standard Oil, but he had retired from the company in 1895, well before the dispute ended. In 1901, his wealth was estimated at $900 million, making him the wealthiest man in the world. He dedicated the remainder of his life to philanthropic efforts. He used his wealth to establish the University of Chicago in 1892 and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1901. Rockefeller also was a driving force behind the preservation of Williamsburg, Virginia, as an historic landmark. He donated funds to innumerable other charities through the Rockefeller Foundation. John Rockefeller died in 1937 at Ormond Beach, Florida. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06619
Subjects: Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1839-1937; Buildings; Cities and towns--Ohio.; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of the Unionville Tavern, also known as the Old Tavern, in Unionville, Ohio. The oldest surviving tavern in Ohio, the Unionville Tavern began as a log cabin in 1798. Over the years, the tavern expanded, providing fine accommodations and food for travelers in northeastern Ohio. Among the tavern's more famous guests were Thomas Edison and Henry Ford. During the early 1800s, it served as a stop for stagecoaches traveling between Buffalo, New York, and Cleveland, Ohio. During the 1840s and 1850s, the tavern's owners also provided a safe haven for runaway slaves traveling along the Underground Railroad. An Ohio Historical Marker, erected at the tavern in 2001, reads "First known as the Webster House, later as the New England House, and more recently as the Old Tavern, this inn has served travelers on the old Cleveland-Buffalo Road (now State Route 84) since before Ohio became a state. As traffic on the old Indian trail increased and it became a post and stage road, the two original log cabins, built in 1798 and later, were converted to this two-and-a-half story inn between 1815 and 1820. While the tavern was the scene of Civil War-era parties and dances in the second-floor ballroom, local tradition suggests it offered much more clandestine hospitality to escaping slaves as a station on the Underground Railroad. The Unionville Tavern was added to the National Register of Historical Places in 1973." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_019
Subjects: Architecture; Hotels; Underground Railroad--Ohio; National Register of Historical Places
Places: Unionville (Ohio); Ashtabula County (Ohio); Lake County (Ohio)
 

Description: William Charles Ball and his five brothers began manufacturing wood jacketed tin cans in Buffalo, New York in 1880. Soon after the Ball brothers switched to making glass containers, the factory suffered a devastating fire. When the city of Muncie, Indiana offered the brothers free natural gas, a critical element for glass-making, they moved the business to Indiana. By the mid-twentieth century the Ball Corporation had become one of the most prosperous jar makers in the country. This jar measures 7.15" x 3.66" x 3.66" (18 x 10 x 10 cm). During World War II, conserving garden produce for later consumption became a vital activity to support the war effort. Canning and drying food was essential to increasing the food supply on the home front, for troops abroad, and for hungry citizens of Allied nations. The canning process prevented fruits and vegetables from spoiling. By removing oxygen from jars holding produce, undesirable bacteria would not be able to grow. Good vacuums created in canning jars formed tight seals that keep liquid in and air out. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3332_4692194_002
Subjects: Agriculture; Daily Life; Canning and preserving; Glassware
Places: Muncie (Indiana); Ohio