Description: This photograph is a formal portrait of Walter Hugh Albaugh (1890-1942), member of the Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives (1922-1924). When this photograph was taken, Albaugh was in his early thirties. He has a clean-shaven, broad face. He wears two pins in his left lapel, one of which indicates that he may have been member of the Masons. Walter Albaugh was born in Phoneton, Ohio, and attended public schools there. From 1910 to 1911 he surveyed fuel lands in Ohio and West Virginia. He then studied law at The Ohio State University and was admitted to the bar in 1914. He practiced law in Troy, Ohio. He served as a private in the United States Infantry from May to December 1918. After the war he resumed his law practice in Troy. He first was elected to the state legislature in 1921. Albaugh was elected as a Republican to the Seventy-fifth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Frank L. Kloeb, but only served from November 8, 1938, until January 3, 1939. He was not a candidate for nomination in 1938 to the next full term and again resumed his law practice. He was active in many civic and fraternal organizations. Albaugh died on January 21, 1942, and was was buried in Memorial Park, Dayton, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07022
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Politicians; Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives; Politicians; Veterans; Miami County (Ohio)
Places: Troy (Ohio); Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a formal portrait of S.A. Blessing, who served in the 87th Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives (1927-1928). A native of Indiana, S.A. Blessing was a minister in the Church of the Brethren. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07023
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Politicians; Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives; Miami County (Ohio)
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph is a formal portrait of William S. Garbry, who served in the 89th Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives (1931-1932). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07024
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Politicians; Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives; Miami County (Ohio)
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: A monument for the Battle of Pickawalliany, erected by the Daughters of the Revolution on the battle ground of Old Fort Pickawillany. The inscription reads: "Erected in 1898 by the Piqua Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution in commemoration of the last battle of the French and Indian War fought near this spot 1762" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07895
Subjects: Piqua (Ohio); United States--History--French and Indian War, 1755-1763; Miami County (Ohio)
Places: Piqua (Ohio); Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: Long, leaf-shaped St. Charles-type projectile point has shallow corner notches and a broad, rounded, fan-shaped base. One lateral edge of the blade is beveled as a result of resharpening. It is made of brightly colored (gray, olive yellow and red) Flint Ridge flint. Item was found in Miami County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07179
Subjects: Miami County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Arrows; American Indian history and society; Projectile points; Hunting;
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: Long, narrow projectile point has a blade that tapers very slightly to the base, which is straight with rounded corners. The edges of the lower third of the blade and base are ground smooth. It is made of flint that is pale yellow and light brownish gray in color. The blade is broken and has been glued together. Item was found in Miami County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07180
Subjects: Miami County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Arrows; American Indian history and society; Projectile points; Hunting
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fluted point is made from very dark gray flint mottled with black and light gray. It is small with mostly parallel sides that taper to a point, which slightly rounded. The base is curved inward and fluted. Fluting reduces the thickness of the base and allows the point to be attached to a shaft. The flute on one side runs nearly to the tip, but runs only halfway on the other side. The edges of the base have been ground smooth. Item was found in Miami County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07181
Subjects: Miami County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Arrows; American Indian history and society; Projectile points; Hunting
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: William Moore McCulloch was a civil-rights activist and member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio in the mid-twentieth century. He was instrumental in crafting and passing several key pieces of legislation in the 1960s to ensure equal rights for all Americans, including the 1964 Civil Rights Act, the 1965 Voting Rights Act, and the 1968 Fair Housing Act. William McCulloch was born near Holmesville, Ohio, in Holmes County, on November 24, 1901. He received an undergraduate degree from the College of Wooster. In 1925, McCulloch earned a law degree from The Ohio State University and was admitted to the Ohio bar. He practiced law for a period in Jacksonville, Florida, where he saw firsthand the unconstitutionality of segregation practices in the region. In 1928, McCulloch moved back to Ohio and established a law practice with George Barry in Piqua. McCulloch became active in politics. A member of the Republican Party, he was elected to the Ohio House of Representatives in 1932. During his tenure, McCulloch rose to important leadership positions, serving as House Minority Leader from 1936-1939, and as Speaker of the House from 1939-1944. He was the first House member to serve three consecutive terms as Speaker. A constitutional lawyer, McCulloch showed his passion for equal rights early in his career and supported the local NAACP chapter in its drive to end segregated seating in local restaurants. One of the earliest sit-ins in the area was held at the Union Bus Terminal lunch counter and marked the beginning of the end for segregated accommodations in the Piqua area. This was bold stance to take in a rural, white, middle-class, and conservative stronghold where the black population was a mere 2.7 percent at the time. During World War II, McCulloch served in the U.S. military from December 26, 1943 to October 12, 1945. At age 40 he resigned as Speaker of the House and enlisted in the U.S. Army, serving overseas in Europe. He resumed his political career after the war. In a special election held on November 4, 1947, voters of Ohio's 4th District elected McCulloch to represent them in the United States House of Representatives, filling a vacancy created by the resignation of Robert F. Jones. McCulloch went on to represent western Ohio in the House in twelve succeeding Congresses through January 3, 1973. He was popular and respected within his district, and his constituents reelected him by margins of 65 to 70 percent throughout his tenure. Although a political conservative, McCulloch is remembered as a champion of civil rights. Early in his tenure as Representative of Ohio’s 4th District, he played a key role in President Eisenhower’s 1957 and 1960 civil rights bills. As the ranking Republican member of the House Judiciary Committee in the early 1960s, he introduced civil rights legislation in the House, and his bipartisan support for the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was instrumental in the adoption of that legislation. McCulloch went on to play key roles in the 1965 Voting Rights Act and the 1968 Fair Housing Act. He fought another major battle in 1969-1970 by defending the renewal of certain temporary provisions in the 1965 Voting Rights Act during the Nixon administration. Directed at Southern states with a history of discriminatory voting practices, a strong provision in the legislation demanded that these states obtain clearance through the Justice Department before making any changes that would affect the voting process. He continued to champion equal rights and to protect the landmark legislation of the 1960s until his retirement in 1972. McCulloch died in Washington, D.C., on February 22, 1980. He is buried at Arlington National Cemetery. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07025
Subjects: Legislators--Ohio; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Politicians; Ohio General Assembly House of Representatives; Civil rights; United States. Congress. House; Miami County (Ohio); Veterans
Places: Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: The caption reads: "Little Miami Valley and river view from Fort Ancient, Warren County, Ohio." Fort Ancient is a series of earthen embankments that extend for more than three-and-a-half miles around a high bluff along the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. It was built by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Although it is called a "fort," it probably never served as a defensive work. Ditches are located inside the walls rather than outside as might be expected if it was an actual fort. Also, there are more than 60 gateways in the enclosure, which would have made it difficult to defend against enemies. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07992
Subjects: Little Miami River (Ohio); Mounds--Ohio--Warren County
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows a wooden bridge over the Miami and Erie Canal in Montgomery, Ohio, most likely located in or near Dayton, Ohio. Many small bridges had been constructed by this time which precluded any large boats from navigating the canal. The Miami and Erie Canal connected the Ohio River in Cincinnati, Ohio and Lake Erie in Toledo, Ohio and was completed in 1845. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F05_018
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio); Public works
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Miami and Erie Canal in the 1930s. Many small bridges had been constructed by this time which precluded any large boats from navigating the canal. The Miami and Erie Canal connected the Ohio River in Cincinnati, Ohio and Lake Erie in Toledo, Ohio and was completed in 1845. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F05_019
Subjects: Bridges--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image is a photograph of an engraved illustration of the Miami River Canal, which was a section of the larger Miami and Erie Canal system completed in 1830. The image is of the Dayton aqueduct crossing, ca. 1842. Aqueducts were constructed to transport waters of the Miami and Erie Canal over rivers and streams. New York's Erie Canal, completed in 1825, dramatically altered life in Ohio. Thousands of settlers utilized the canal to move to Ohio. Cities in northern Ohio, especially Cleveland and Toledo, grew quickly and became important ports. Farmers and industrialists in northern Ohio now had a relatively cheap and quick means of transporting their products to market. The success of the Erie Canal also prompted the Ohio government to invest in canals within Ohio, most notably the Ohio and Erie Canal and the Miami and Erie Canal, both of which connected Lake Erie with the Ohio River. Constructed in stages between 1825 and 1845, the Miami and Erie Canal linked Lake Erie (at Toledo) to the Ohio River (at Cincinnati). At Junction, Ohio, the Miami and Erie Canal intersected with the Wabash and Erie Canal, which provided a link to Evansville, Indiana. The canal system greatly reduced the cost of transporting products and people. The cost of shipping goods from the East Coast to Ohio and vice versa dripped from $125 per ton of goods to $25 per ton. It took eighty hours to travel from Cleveland to Portsmouth along the Ohio and Erie Canal. Although travel on horseback was much faster, it also cost a great deal more. Passage on the canal boat was $1.70 per person. Most canals remained in operation in Ohio until the late 1800s. By the 1850s, however, canals were losing business to the railroads, which offered several advantages over the canals. Although railroads cost more to ship people and goods, they could deliver people and items much more quickly than the canals. Railroads also were not limited by a water source, as were canals. Because of these advantages, railroads quickly supplanted the canals. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06117
Subjects: Canals--Ohio--History--19th century; Miami Canal (Ohio); Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio); Miami Canal (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)