Description: Map illustrating the ancient earthworks and terrain near the city of Marietta, drawn by Rufus Putnam in 1802. The Marietta Earthworks site is a large Hopewell ceremonial center located at the confluence of the Muskingum and Ohio Rivers in Washington County. Originally, it included a large square enclosure surrounding four flat-topped pyramidal mounds, another smaller square, and a circular enclosure with a large burial mound at its center. In 1788, the directors of the Ohio Company of Associates, who were the founders of Marietta, agreed to preserve important parts of the earthworks as parks. Three segments of the Marietta Earthworks are maintained as public parks today. Originally known as Adelphia, meaning "brotherhood," Marietta was the first settlement founded by the Ohio Company of Associates in the Northwest Territory in 1788, and the first permanent settlement of the United States in the territory north and west of the Ohio River. The Ohio Company's investors renamed the community after Queen Marie Antoinette of France, in honor of France's contributions to the American victory in the American Revolution. The first settlers were led by Rufus Putnam, who was one of the Ohio Company's early investors. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02885
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood; Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824; Earthworks (Archaeology); Mounds--Ohio River Valley
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: Campus Martius House. Marietta, Ohio. This house is also known as the Rufus Putnam House. This copied photograph is a view of the front exterior of the Rufus Putnam Residence in Marietta, Ohio, windows boarded, in its original location. It was one of the dwellings within Campus Martius, the fortification erected by the Ohio Company settlers, ca. 1790-1799, to protect the settlement from Native American attacks. General Rufus Putnam was a Revolutionary War veteran and member of the Ohio Company who helped to found Marietta, Ohio and open the Northwest Territory for settlement. Putnam established the first Ohio Company settlement on the banks of the Ohio River. Known originally as Adelphia, the community soon became known as Marietta. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F18_001_1
Subjects: Marietta (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824; Campus Martius (Marietta, Ohio); Forts & fortifications--1770-1800
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads, in part: "State Picture Book. Ident. 28. Dummy page 23 full page. Credit -- Ohio Writers' Project. Caption -- Campus Martius erected by Israel Putnam." This is a view of the entrance of the Rufus Putnam Residence in Marietta, Ohio. It was one of the dwellings in Campus Martius, the fortification erected by the Ohio Company, ca. 1790-1799. The plaque next to the door reads: "This house was one of the dwellings in Campus Martius, the fortification erected by the Ohio Company when the first settlement in the Northwest Territory was made at Marietta in 1788. It stood next to the southeast blockhouse and was built by General Rufas Putnam, who made it his home until his death in 1824. It then became the property of Judge Arius NYL from whose daughter Minerva Tupper NYL it was purchased in 1919 by the State of Ohio. Erected by the Ohio Daughters of the American Revolution in 1927." Born April 9, 1738, in Sutton, Massachusetts, Putnam fought for the British in the French and Indian War, later lobbying for land grants to veterans west of the Appalachian Mountains. Putnam served in the Continental Army during the Revolution, fighting in the battle of Saratoga and rising to the rank of brigadier general. Throughout the conflict, Putnam served as an advocate for junior officers and enlisted men. America's first government, created by the Articles of Confederation, had limited powers and faced tremendous difficulty meeting its expenses. This included paying the men in its army. The Confederation Congress promised to give these men land grants in the Ohio Country, but the Congress was slow to act. In 1783, Putnam helped draft the Newburgh Petition. In this document, many of the officers in the Continental Army demanded payment immediately in land grants or they would even contemplate replacing their government. General George Washington was able to prevent an uprising. Putnam established the first Ohio Company settlement on the banks of the Ohio River. Known originally as Adelphia, the community soon became known as Marietta. To protect the settlement from Native American attacks, the settlers built a fortification known as the Campus Martius. After the Treaty of Greeneville was signed in 1795, the threat to Marietta was limited; settlers founded Ohio University there in 1808. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F18_003_1
Subjects: Marietta (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Putnam, Rufus, 1738-1824; Campus Martius (Marietta, Ohio); Forts & fortifications--1770-1800
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)