Description: This gold silk flag served as the regimental colors of the 1st Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery. The flag was manufactured by Horstmann & Sons of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between 1861 and 1865. Crossed cannon barrels are painted in the center of the flag. A red scroll painted above the cannons features tassel at its center. Gold text in the banner reads: "U.S." A red scroll painted beneath the cannons features decorative fleur-de-lis on each end. Gold text in the banner reads: "HEAVY. 1ST OHIO. ARTILLERY." The maker's mark "HORSTMANN & SON PHILAD" appears beneath the banner. The flag has gold fringe with plied-cut ends. Ohio battle flags were on display at the Ohio Statehouse until the 1960s, when the state formed a committee to oversee the efforts to restore the fragile flags. Some of the battle flags were on display on the Plaza Level of the Ohio Historical Society from 1970 until 1989. For conservation reasons, the flags have been in storage since 1989. In the 1960s, the collection was photographed and commercial artist Robert Needham painted illustrations of many Civil War flags. Photographs of the flags and the paintings are now part of the society's archival collections. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01810
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Textile--silk
 

Description: Diploma from the Medical College of Philadelphia for a doctorate degree in medical arts, issued to Laura M. Fairchild in 1851. The Female Medical College of Pennsylvania was one of the only institutions granting degrees to female medical practitioners during this time. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04115
Subjects: Medicine--History; Multicultural Ohio--Ohio Women; Physicians; Women--Employment
Places: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Pictured is a Zoarite couple seated on a porch with a spotted dog. The woman is wearing an apron over a long dress or skirt. The man wears a dark shirt and pants of simple design. The small community of Zoar, Ohio, was founded in 1817 by a group of German separatists who later became known as the Zoarites. Originally from the area of Wurttemburg, Germany, the group moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after facing persecution for separating from the Lutheran Church in their native land. The group’s leader was Joseph Bimeler (sometimes spelled Joseph Bäumeler). With financial assistance from the Society of Friends (Quakers), the group was able to purchase land in eastern Ohio. The community’s first buildings were constructed in Ohio in 1817, and the following year marked the arrival of approximately two hundred members. The separatists chose to name their town Zoar after the Biblical account of Lot, who escaped to Zoar from Sodom in the book of Genesis. The community of Zoar was not originally organized as a commune, but its residents had a difficult time surviving in 1818 and early 1819. As a result, on April 19, 1819, the group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar. Each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole. In exchange for their work, the society would provide for them. Both men and women signed the original document creating the society. Women had equal access to political leadership and had the right to vote in elections. Women also were not prohibited from holding office in the society, although no women were ever elected to these positions. Additional modifications to the society’s organization were made in 1824 and a constitution established in 1833. Joseph Bimeler died in 1853. Even though Zoar was economically prosperous, the members’ commitment to the society’s original goals began to deteriorate in the second half of the nineteenth century. Over time, many of the original residents died. The younger generation did not have memories of the persecution back in Europe or the society’s early struggles in Ohio. The outside world influenced the Zoarites more and more, as strangers traveled to Zoar and stayed in the town’s hotel. In 1898, the remaining members decided to dissolve the society, and its property was divided among the Zoarites. It was an end to the communistic experience at Zoar. Throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Zoar has continued to exist as a small town in rural eastern Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05971
Subjects: Zoar (Tuscarawas County, Ohio); Couples; Pets; Dogs; Portrait photography
Places: Zoar (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Charles Harris Wesley shaking hands with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. shortly after receiving his honorary doctorate from Central State College in 1958. Charles Harris Wesley was a prominent African American scholar, artist, minister and civil rights figure. He received degrees from Fisk University, Yale University and Harvard University and taught at Howard University in Washington. He was a minister of the African Methodist Episcopal Church and was awarded the Doctor of Divinity degree by Wilberforce University. He served as president of Wilberforce University in the 1940s, founded of Central State College in 1948 and served as the first director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in the 1970s. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: NAM_VFM34_2_20.tif
Subjects: Activists; Civil Liberties; Civil rights; Civil rights movements--United States--History--20th century; African American men; African American authors; Wilberforce University; Howard University; Central State College
Places: Wilberforce (Ohio); Greene County (Ohio)
 

Description: Pictured is a group of six Zoar musicians practicing in the woods and a cluster of five bystanders. Two members of the latter group appear to be hoisting mugs of beer or another beverage. A small tent is seen in the background. The small community of Zoar, Ohio, was founded in 1817 by a group of German separatists who later became known as the Zoarites. Originally from the area of Wurttemburg, Germany, the group moved to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, after facing persecution for separating from the Lutheran Church in their native land. The group’s leader was Joseph Bimeler (sometimes spelled Joseph Bäumeler). With financial assistance from the Society of Friends (Quakers), the group purchased land in eastern Ohio. The community’s first buildings were constructed in 1817, and the following year marked the arrival of approximately two hundred members. The separatists chose to name their town Zoar after the Biblical account of Lot, who escaped to Zoar from Sodom in the book of Genesis. The community of Zoar was not originally organized as a commune, but its residents had a difficult time surviving in 1818 and early 1819. As a result, on April 19, 1819, the group formed the Society of Separatists of Zoar. Each person donated his or her property to the community as a whole. In exchange for their work, the society would provide for them. Both men and women signed the original document creating the society. Women had equal access to political leadership and had the right to vote in elections. Women also were not prohibited from holding office in the society, although no women were ever elected to these positions. Additional modifications to the society’s organization were made in 1824 and a constitution established in 1833. Joseph Bimeler died in 1853. Even though Zoar was economically prosperous, the members’ commitment to the society’s original goals began to deteriorate in the second half of the nineteenth century. Over time, many of the original residents died. The younger generation did not have memories of the persecution back in Europe or the society’s early struggles in Ohio. The outside world influenced the Zoarites more and more, as strangers traveled to Zoar and stayed in the town’s hotel. In 1898, the remaining members decided to dissolve the society, and its property was divided among the Zoarites. It was an end to the communistic experience at Zoar. Throughout the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, Zoar has continued to exist as a small town in rural eastern Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05972
Subjects: Zoar (Tuscarawas County, Ohio); Musicians; Musical instruments
Places: Zoar (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Taken from an engraving that is the earliest published portrait of William Penn. Drawn in 1770 in Phladelphia. He was the founder of the Province of Pennsylvania after he had become a Quaker. The King of England granted Penn 45,000 square miles of land, making him the land owner of the largest tract of land in the world. He granted the land to Quakers and other persecuted religious people. William Penn returned to England. He died on July 30, 1715 near Twyford in Berkshire, England. President Ronald Reagan made William Penn an honorary citizen of the United States of America on November 28, 1984. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07936
Subjects: Quakers; Drawings (visual works); Portraits; Artists; Penn, William, 1644-1718
Places: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Men's straw hat, ca. 1830-1850. This natural-colored hat has a brown leather hatband and is lined with pink and white silk that is marked "J & M Saunders, 21 N. Fourth St. Philadelphia." It is housed in a leather hat box and was worn by Israel Woodruff (1786-1851). The hat was donated by Israel Woodruff's daughter-in-law, Catherine E. Woodruff, in 1937. Israel Woodruff died in 1851. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04934
Subjects: Hats; Cultural Ohio--Popular Culture; Clothing & dress; Men
Places: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: Photographs documenting a Fourth of July parade of boats held on Buckeye Lake in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1969. Buckeye Lake near Millersport, Ohio, was built in 1826 as a feeder lake for the canal system. Recreation was a popular activity at the lake in the 19th century, and many people visited Buckeye Lake Amusement Park, which operated in the 1940s and 1950s. In 1949, Buckeye Lake State Park was created. Independence Day, celebrated on July 4th, commemorates the adoption of the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Although Congress voted for independence on July 2nd, the declaration was dated July 4th. In 1777, Philadelphia marked the occasion by adjourning Congress and celebrating with bonfires, bells, and fireworks, and the custom eventually spread to other towns. During the Revolutionary War, the holiday was celebrated by rifle and cannon salutes, setting a precedent for booming noises. Independence Day celebrations traditionally include fireworks, parades, picnics, speeches, and military displays. Observations throughout the nation became even more common at the end of the War of 1812. In 1941, Congress declared July 4th a federal holiday. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3251_4435708_002
Subjects: Sports; Fourth of July celebrations; Boats; Parades; Buckeye Lake (Ohio)--History;
Places: Millersport (Ohio); Fairfield County (Ohio)
 

Description: This silk flag served as the national colors of the 21st Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. The flag was manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between 1863 and 1865. The flag has 35 gold-painted stars on a blue canton. The stars are arranged in two concentric ovals. There is also one star in each of the canton's four corners. The flag has thirteen alternating red and white stripes and gold fringe on its top, right and bottom sides. Text in the flag's stripes reads: "21st. REG. OHIO, VET. VOL. INF[...] / IVY MOUNTAIN, NASHVILLE, HUNTSVILLE, LAVERG[...] / "WILSON'S BEND, WHITE'S CREEK, STONE RIVER, TULLAHOM[...] / DUG GAP, CHICKAMAUGA, CHATTANOOGA, ROCKY FACE / RESSACCA, NEW HOPE CHURCH, PUMPKINVINE CREEK, ALTOONA CREEK, KENNESAW [...] / OLD KNOB, VINING'S STATION,NANCY'S CREEK, PEACH TREE CREEK, SIEGE OF [...] / JONESBORO, MILLEDGEVILLE, LUMPKIN'S STATION, SAVANNAH, CO[...] / ROCKY MOUNT, AVERYBORO, BENTONVILLE, RALE[...]." Some of the text is no longer legible or intact due to deterioration. The dimensions of the flag are 191 by 188 cm. Ohio battle flags were on display at the Ohio Statehouse until the 1960s, when the state formed a committee to oversee the efforts to restore the fragile flags. Some of the battle flags were on display on the Plaza Level of the Ohio Historical Society from 1970 until 1989. For conservation reasons, the flags have been in storage since 1989. In the 1960s, the collection was photographed and commercial artist Robert Needham painted illustrations of many Civil War flags. Photographs of the flags and the paintings are now part of the society's archival collections. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01907
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Lt. Roderick Sheldon McCook, 1839-1885, carte-de-visite. Son of John McCook. He was born on March 10, 1839 in New Lisbon, Ohio. He graduated from the Navel Academy and spent his career in the U. S. Navy. He was one of the family known as the "Fighting McCooks". Seventeen members of the family, two fathers and their fifteen sons all fought in the America Civil War. He died in Vinland, New Jersey on February 13, 1986 as a result of a head injury from being thrown from his buggy. He was buried in Union Cemetery in Steubenville, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08427
Subjects: Ohio History--Military Ohio; McCook family; Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
Places: Philadelphia (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: National colors of the 32nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The rectangular flag measures 175 cm high by 186 cm wide. The silk flag served as the national colors of the 32nd Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The flag was manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between 1863 and 1865. There are 35 gold-painted stars on a blue canton. The stars are arranged in two concentric ovals surrounding one middle star. There is also one star in each of the canton's four corners. The flag has thirteen alternating red and white stripes and gold fringe on its top, right and bottom sides. Ohio battle flags were on display at the Ohio Statehouse until the 1960s, when the state formed a committee to oversee the efforts to restore the fragile flags. Some of the battle flags were on display on the Plaza Level of the Ohio Historical Society from 1970 until 1989. For conservation reasons, the flags have been in storage since 1989. In the 1960s, the collection was photographed and commercial artist Robert Needham painted illustrations of many Civil War flags. Photographs of the flags and the paintings are now part of the society's archival collections. The 32nd O.V.I. was organized in Mansfield, Ohio in July of 1861 and mustered out on July 18, 1965. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01933
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
Places: Ohio
 

Description: This silk flag served as the national colors of the 36th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The flag was likely manufactured in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between 1861 and 1863. There are 34 gold-painted stars on a blue canton. The stars are arranged in two concentric ovals surrounding one middle star. There is also one star in each of the canton's four corners. The flag has thirteen alternating red and white stripes and portions of gold fringe remaining on its top, right, and bottom sides. Gold text in the flag's stripes reads: "Lewisburg, South Mountain. / BULL RUN, July [...] 186[...] CABELTOWN. July [...] 1[...]. / 36th REGT. OHIO. / CEDAR CREEK. O[...]9 [...] / VET. VOL. INF. / LYNCHBURG, June 17 1864. OPEQUAN, Sept. 19 186[...] BERRYVILLE, [...] / Antietam. Chicka[...] / FISHERS' HILL, Sept. 22. 1864. KEARNSTOWN. [...] / Mission Ridge, Cloyd's Mou[...]." Some of the text is no longer legible or intact due to deterioration. The flag measures 199 by 179 cm. Ohio battle flags were on display at the Ohio Statehouse until the 1960s, when the state formed a committee to oversee the efforts to restore the fragile flags. Some of the battle flags were on display on the Plaza Level of the Ohio Historical Society from 1970 until 1989. For conservation reasons, the flags have been in storage since 1989. In the 1960s, the collection was photographed and commercial artist Robert Needham painted illustrations of many Civil War flags. Photographs of the flags and the paintings are now part of the society's archival collections. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01937
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
Places: Ohio