Description: Photograph showing a wall along the shore of Buckeye Lake. The wall helps direct the flow of water and also prevents flooding. The caption beneath the photograph reads: "Wall at Buckeye Lake, Ohio." This photograph is part of a series taken by the Board of the Ohio Department of Public Works to document the disrepair of the infrastructure of the Ohio and Erie Canal and Miami-Erie Canal systems in 1916, showing the physical condition of each structure. The Ohio Department of Public Works is one of the oldest departments of state government in continuous existence. Among its other duties, this department was charged with maintenance and administration of the Ohio & Erie and Miami-Erie Canals. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA936AV_B01_079
Subjects: Waterworks; Rivers; Canals; Lakes & ponds; Dams; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development; Buckeye Lake (Ohio)--History;
Places: Millersport (Ohio); Fairfield County (Ohio)
 

Description: Made of dark gray sandstone, this pipe in effigy (a likeness or representation) of a squirrel was excavated from Tremper Mound, a Hopewell culture site located five miles north of Portsmouth in Scioto County. The squirrel is seated erect with its head forward and forelegs against its chest. Slight modeling suggests hind legs. The paws on all four feet are identified by parallel incised lines. The squirrel's tail is erect against the back, and the hairs of the tail are indicated by parallel oblique incised lines. The mouth and eyes are shown as incised lines, and its ears project above the head. The effigy was broken off the platform, and a slight amount of restoration was done on animal's right pelvis and on underside of platform at mouthpiece end. The effigy pipe measures approximately 1.5" x 3.5" x 1.25" (3.81 x 8.89 x 3.18 cm). This pipe is part of a large collection of pipes found at Tremper Mound. The pipes were carved of Ohio pipestone, a silica-based material that can be easily carved when freshly quarried from the hills east of the Scioto River. The pipes represent a variety of animals significant to the Hopewell, including owls, wolves, deer and beaver. Skilled Hopewell craftsmen carved the pipes with flint knives and some are embellished with pearls or copper. In Ohio, the Hopewell Indians (100 B.C.-A.D. 500) built burial mounds and large earthen enclosures in geometric shapes (circles, squares, and octagons) to mark the places where the people gathered periodically to participate in many social and ceremonial events. Some of these sites were quite large--the Newark Earthworks complex extends over a 4-square-mile area. The Hopewell people also maintained a large trade network extending as far as the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, the Florida coast and Appalachians, and northern Lake Superior. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1357_1136476_071
Subjects: American Indians in Ohio; Plants and Animals; Arts and Entertainment; Geography and Natural Resources; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Mounds (Burials); Pipes (Smoking); Squirrels
Places: Rush Township (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: This pipe in effigy (a likeness or representation) of a wildcat was excavated from Tremper Mound, a Hopewell culture site located five miles north of Portsmouth in Scioto County. The cat crouches on platform with legs flexed. One ear projects from head. Some parts of the pipe have been restored. Made of olive-gray stone with black and brown mottling, the pipe measures approximately 1.67" x 1.45" x 3.5" (4.15 x 3.6 x 8.8 cm). This pipe is part of a large collection of pipes found at Tremper Mound. The pipes were carved of Ohio pipestone, a silica-based material that can be easily carved when freshly quarried from the hills east of the Scioto River. The pipes represent a variety of animals significant to the Hopewell, including owls, wolves, deer and beaver. Skilled Hopewell craftsmen carved the pipes with flint knives and some are embellished with pearls or copper. In Ohio, the Hopewell Indians (100 B.C.-A.D. 500) built burial mounds and large earthen enclosures in geometric shapes (circles, squares, and octagons) to mark the places where the people gathered periodically to participate in many social and ceremonial events. Some of these sites were quite large--the Newark Earthworks complex extends over a 4-square-mile area. The Hopewell people also maintained a large trade network extending as far as the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, the Florida coast and Appalachians, and northern Lake Superior. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1357_1764596_085
Subjects: American Indians in Ohio; Plants and Animals; Arts and Entertainment; Geography and Natural Resources; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Mounds (Burials); Pipes (Smoking); Felidae
Places: Rush Township (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Perry's Victory and International Peace Memorial at Put-in-Bay with a view of Lake Erie, ca. 1930-1950. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00244
Subjects: Ottawa County (Ohio); Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Put-in-Bay (Ohio); Ottawa County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Civilian Conservation Corps was created in March of 1933 by President Roosevelt. This was part of the 'New Deal', which was intended to reverse the ecomonic depression. Unemplyed men between the ages of eighteen and twenty five were put to work on various government projects, such as road construction, reforestation, and flood control. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F06_004_1
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939; Geography and Natural Resources; Dams
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of the home of John Brown, Jr., in Put-in-Bay, Ohio. He was the eldest son of famous abolitionist John Brown, who was executed in 1859 for his attempted raid on the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia). John Brown, Jr., is thought to have been involved with his father's abolitionist activities in Kansas and Virginia, although he was not directly involved with the raid. Following the outbreak of the Civil War, he, fought for the Union Army under the Kansas Seventh Volunteer Cavalry. After resigning, he settled in Put-in-Bay on Lake Erie's South Bass Island, where he lived until his death in 1895. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: sc223_02
Subjects: John Brown's Raid, 1859; Abolitionists -- Ohio; Ohio History--Slavery, Anti-Slavery and Civil Rights; Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Put-in-Bay (Ohio);
Places: Put-in-Bay (Ohio); Ottawa County (Ohio);
 

Description: The immediate growth of the potential metropolis was slow with a mere seven people living in the settlement in 1800. In 1804, Lorenzo Carter launched the first boat, the 30 ton Zephyr, an impressive craft for an inexperienced builder to launch, but a small prophecy of the hug freighters and passenger steamers that one day would enter Cleveland harbor. In 1818 there arrived in the harbor from Buffalo the first steamboat on Lake Erie, the 'Walk-in-the-Water'. By 1830 little more than 1000 people called themselves Cleavelanders. The city altered the spelling of its name by a casual quirk. On July 1, 1832, the compositor of a freshly launched newspaper, The Cleveland Gazette and Commercial Register, had to drop on letter from his masthead to fit his space, and he chose the first 'a' in Cleveland, simplifying it for posterity. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_02_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)--Harbor; Harbors--Ohio--Cleveland; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Aerial Photography; Business and Labor; Industries--Ohio; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Buckland Lock, part of the Wabash and Erie Canal system. Located near Grand Rapids, Ohio, Buckland was a guard lock from the slackwater at Providence Dam into the Miami and Erie Canal. Boats coming from the Gilead Canal across the Maumee River locked back into the Miami and Erie Canal at this point. During the late 1810s, Governor Thomas Worthington and Governor Ethan Allen Brown both supported the development of canals in Ohio. Both men believed that Ohioans needed quick and easy access to the Ohio River and to Lake Erie if they were to profit financially. Farmers and business owners would be able to transport their products much more easily and cheaply with canals rather than turnpikes. Canals would also possibly open up new markets for Ohio goods. The Wabash and Erie Canal opened in 1845 and made Toledo a growing seaport and center of commerce along Lake Erie. In addition to the Wabash and Erie Canal, Toledo was connected to the city of Cincinnati by way of the Miami and Erie Canal. The Wabash and Erie Canal intersected with the Miami and Erie Canal at the town of Junction, Ohio. From Junction the canals proceeded as one to Defiance, Toledo, and Lake Erie. Most canals remained in operation in Ohio until the late 1800s. By the 1850s, however, canals were losing business to the railroads, which offered several advantages. Railroads delivered passengers and goods more quickly, and they were not limited by a water source as canals were. Because of these advantages, railroads quickly supplanted the canals. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06115
Subjects: Wabash and Erie Canal (Ind. and Ohio); Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio); Canals--Ohio--History--19th century; Grand Rapids (Ohio); Transportation--Ohio--History;
Places: Grand Rapids (Ohio); Wood County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Ohio Erie Canal Aquaduct and bridge at Waverly." Photo depicts the Crooked Creek Aquaduct and bridge along the Ohio Erie Canal in Waverly City, Ohio. The Ohio and Erie Canal was one of Ohio's most important canals during the mid nineteenth century. In 1822, the Ohio legislature realized the importance of internal improvements and created a new Ohio Canal Commission. The Canal Commission eventually recommended a route starting at Lake Erie, passing through the Cuyahoga Valley, the Muskingum Valley, the Licking Valley, and then to the Ohio River along the Scioto Valley. In essence, this proposed route included a combination of the central and eastern Ohio routes. On July 4, 1825 work began on what would become the Ohio and Erie Canal. Once completed, the canals still faced numerous difficulties. Flooding could do serious damage to the locks, walls, and towpaths, requiring extensive repairs. In Waverly, the first canal boat arrived on September 6, 1832, and the canal remained in operation until 1904 when the last canal boat passed through. In the flood of 1913 the Crooked Creek Aquaduct collapsed, although the towpath bridge remained standing. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_027_001
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Dams; Rivers; Bridges Ohio; Ohio and Erie Canal (Ohio)
Places: Waverly City (Ohio); Pike County (Ohio)
 

Description: Children and adults riding a roller coaster at Cedar Point amusement park. Opened in 1870, Cedar Point is an amusement park located on a 364-acre peninsula in Lake Erie. It is in the city of Sandusky, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03327
Subjects: Erie County (Ohio); Cultural Ohio--Popular Culture; Roller coasters; Amusement parks--Ohio; Amusement rides
Places: Sandusky (Ohio); Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is most likely a lock for the Miami and Erie Canal. The Miami and Erie Canal was a canal that connected the Ohio River in Cincinnati, Ohio with Lake Erie in Toledo, Ohio. It consisted of 19 aqueducts, three guard locks, and 103 canal locks. One of the original locks (#17) is located in the Carillon Historical Park in Dayton, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F06_025_001
Subjects: Canals--Ohio; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio)--History; Dayton (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Locks (Canal); Geography and Natural Resources; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: The description on the back of the photograph reads: "Aaron L. Benedict's house, an underground station in Alum Creek Settlement." The Underground Railroad was a system of safe houses and hiding places that helped fugitive slaves escape to freedom in the north. Aaron Benedict was a conductor on the Underground Railroad in Alum Creek. Ohio. He was born on January 21, 1817, in Alum Creek, and eventually inherited his father's farm property. As a devout abolitionist, he was known for assisting fugitive slaves on the Underground Railroad. Slave owners eventually established a $1,000 reward for Benedict's capture. On several occasions, Benedict hired attorneys for accused fugitive slaves. He once convinced a slave owner to free a slave mother and her four children, whom the owner had recaptured near Alum Creek. Benedict threatened the owner with arrest, convincing him to leave the five fugitives alone. Benedict also helped another fugitive, John Green, to free family members still held in bondage in Kentucky. Unfortunately for Green, slave catchers eventually seized his wife and children and returned them to slavery despite Benedict's efforts. Following the American Civil War, Benedict began to raise and breed bees. He became widely respected for his bee research and eventually moved to Kelleys Island on Lake Erie, where he opened an apiary. Benedict died on February 17, 1905. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1338_006_001
Subjects: Underground Railroad--Ohio; Abolition; Abolitionists; African Americans--History; Houses; Antislavery movements--Ohio--History--19th century
Places: Delaware (Ohio); Morrow County (Ohio)