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Spruce Hill Fort entrance photograph Save

Description: Photograph identified on its reverse as showing the "'Entrance' to fort" on the south end of Spruce Hill. Spruce Hill Fort is located on a high, plateau-like hill along Paint Creek near Bourneville in Ross County, Ohio. Together with Fort Ancient and Fort Hill, Spruce Hill comprises the third major hilltop enclosure in southwest Ohio. The walls of Spruce Hill measure just over 2 1/4 miles in length and are made mostly of rubble stone. Their true nature has sparked debate over the years as to whether the walls were actually constructed or are just weathered bedrock. In any case they enclose over 140 acres, making Spruce Hill Ohio’s largest hilltop enclosure. However, unlike the numerous gaps in the walls at Fort Hill or Fort Ancient, the walls of Spruce Hill are mostly continuous with very few gateways. The only practical approach to Spruce Hill is along a ridge from the south with access to the site’s interior confined mostly to a few narrow gaps in a series of short, U-shaped walls. There are no absolute dates for Spruce Hill although recent archaeology there would indicate Hopewell (100 BC - AD 400) origins. As with Fort Hill and Fort Ancient, Fort Hill was likely a ceremonial space and not for military defense, and certainly not a Viking-era iron forge as is long held in local lore. Spruce Hill lies within the boundaries of the Hopewell Culture National Historical Park but is not presently part of its system. Spruce Hill Earthworks itself is owned by the Arc of Appalachia. Hopewell Culture National Historical Park co-manages Spruce Hill and provides site interpretation. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B04F04_E02_001
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400); Mounds -- Ohio -- Ross County; Earthworks (Archaeology)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)

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