Description: Illustration from "The Black Phalanx: A History of the Negro Soldiers of the United States in the Wars of 1775-1812, 1861-'65" by Joseph T. Wilson. Caption reads: "Negroes building fortifications for the Confederates at James Island, S. C., under direction of General Beauregard, to repel the land attack of the Federal troops." ALTERNATE TEXT: A large Confederate army camp during the American Civil War: A group of African Americans digging a hole in the ground, none are dressed as soldiers. They are largely in farming type clothes, including bibbed overalls. Most men are using pick axes and shovels to work the ground. One man is pushing a wheelbarrow full of dirt. A man on a horse watches the men dig. A few men on a hill near the digging site stand and talk. There are two cannons near the middle of the scene, and horses are pulling a train at the far middle of the scene. Down the hill from the scene are large tents in the rest of the army camp. There is a fort to the far right of the camp and what looks to be water and boats near the fort. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: blackphalanx_31
Subjects: African American soldiers; African American men; Civil War 1861-1865
 

Description: Campaign literature from the Republican State Committee and Western Newspaper Union for the 1920 election. Includes information on Governor James Cox and gubernatorial candidate Harry L. Davis and senate candidate Frank B. Willis. Davis was elected governor of Ohio in 1920, and Willis was elected U.S. Senator, although Cox lost his bid for president to Warren G. Harding. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: OVS_5142
Subjects: Ohio Government; Presidents and Politics; Governors; Political elections; Political parties
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio);
 

Description: An uphill view of a scenic country roadway in Champaign County, Ohio. Flanking the road is a wooden white fence and several telephone polls. On the right side of the photograph many in bloom trees and a small farm can be seen. Champaign County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 38,890. Its county seat is Urbana. It takes its name from the French word for "open level country" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F03_005_001
Subjects: Roads--Ohio; Champaign County (Ohio)--History; Farms--Ohio--Pictorial works
Places: Champaign County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Mine fire, New Straitsville, Ohio. Hazelton Hill between Shawnee and New Straitsville. Perry County." This photograph shows smoke wafting from the New Straitsville Mine Fire in Perry County. The mine fires are said to have started November 13, 1884, when striking miners pushed burning cars into a mine, during a strike over wages between the New Straitsville Mining Company's management and mine workers. A small group of union members decided to sabotage the mines. Cars filled with oil-soaked timber were set on fire and were pushed into a mine owned by the New Straitsville Mining Company. The fire quickly spread to the coal seam underground. Reportedly, the coal seam was fourteen feet across and extended an undetermined distance into the Earth. It took several days for the fire to be discovered. By that point, it was too late to stop the fire's spread. As a result of the fire, the mine closed. The New Straitsville mine fire has raged ever since 1884. In 1936, the WPA began work to stop the spread of the fire by building barriers across burning veins of coal. In 1938, nearly 350 men were employed on the project. Under the direction of James R. Cavanaugh, a veteran mine fire fighter, tunnels were driven through veins in the path of the fire, and were filled with a clay-water mixture or similar non-burning material. The mine fires effected coal deposits in Hocking and Perry Counties in southeastern Ohio. It was estimated that by 1938 the coal destroyed, more than two hundred square miles, was worth fifty million dollars. In 2003, smoke began to emerge from the soil of the Wayne National Forest, 119 years after the fire began. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F12_028_1
Subjects: New Straitsville (Ohio)--Photographs; Coal mines and mining; United States. Works Progress Administration (U.S.)
Places: New Straitsville (Ohio); Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: Shows a street view of the corner of Paint and Main Street in Chillicothe, Ohio. The building on the left dominating the photograph is the Ross County Courthouse, built 1858. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F10_002_1
Subjects: Chillicothe (Ross County, Ohio)--History.
Places: Chillicothe (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Pub Bldgs - 6 - Franklin Clinic - OSU Hosp Wing - Comparative" View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F08_004_001
Subjects: Ohio State University Hospitals--History--Ohio
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This boulder and cement armory at 419 East Main Street in Eaton, Ohio was built in 1911 for $24,000 dollars. It serves as the home for the 1487th Transportation Company for the Ohio National Guard. Most recently men from that company were deployed for Operation Iraqi Freedom where they served with other members of the 106th Battalion. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_012
Subjects: Ohio. National Guard; Armories
Places: Eaton (Ohio); Preble County (Ohio)
 

Description: Workmen unload a tree to be planted adjacent to the parking area. This photo was taken as part of Project No. 34, Planting. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: 3076_89_11_sep34_b9_08
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939, Fort Hill State Memorial (Ohio); Planting; Tree planting
Places: Hillsboro (Ohio); Highland County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Ohio of Ohio's many tree lined highways. US Route 50 near Chillicothe, Ohio." and also handwritten is "Bainbridge Drive", though this seems unlikely to be true. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F10_004_1
Subjects: Roads--Ohio
Places: Chillicothe (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated August 26, 1935, this photograph shows six young men holding up papier mache masks at the Civilian Conservation Corps Camp at Brecksville Cleveland Metro Park. A note on the reverse of the photograph reads "Artistry in moulage work, the modeling of masks in papier mache, has been developed to a high degree of proficiency by several young hobbyists interested in the plastic skills. These designs range from the classic to the grotesque, as revealed by this group posing in front of the recreation hall at Camp Sp.-19, three miles south of Brecksville." The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) was a work relief program established as part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal that employed young men, ages 18-25 and later expanded to ages 17-28, with jobs in the natural resources field. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F11_033_001
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); Masks; Young men; New Deal
Places: Brecksville (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of the base of the tower in the Jefferson County Courthouse. It is located at 301 Market Street in Steubenville, Ohio. Construction on the building was started in 1871 and completed in 1874 by architects Heard and Blythe. In 1950, the roof collapsed due to a ferocious snow storm. The top floor collapsed as well, destroying the ornate roof and tower. Instead of replacing the original mansard roof, the county officials decided to have a flat roof on a five story building. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F03_038_01
Subjects: Works Progress Administration; Ohio Federal Writers' Project; Jefferson County (Ohio); Steubenville (Ohio)
Places: Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: 1964 Joe Munroe photograph of men working on a California construction site to move and level the ground. Munroe's career began in 1939 at the Cranbrook Academy of Art. He served in the Air Force during World War II and then joined Cincinnati-based Farm Quarterly magazine. Though raised in Detroit, agriculture became an important subject of Joe's photographs. He moved to California in 1955 and free-lanced, taking magazine assignments and selling his own work. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P400_B31_F2210_JPG198
Subjects: Joe Munroe; Earthmoving machinery; Construction;
Places: California