Description: Photograph of an American Indian bark house from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The bark house is similar to an Iroquois longhouse, but not as long. Among the tribes who lived in bark houses, or "lodges" were the Iroquois, Shawnee, Wyandotte, Delaware, Seneca, and Chippewa. Framework for the lodge was formed from stout poles, over which was placed an outer covering of bark, in horizontal strips, sewed on to the frame with bone punches and tough-fibered inner bark. In the spring, bark was peeled from elm trees, flattened by weights, and cut in sheets four by six or eight feet, before being used. A bark house structure was about 15 feet high at the ridge of the gable, just over 15 feet wide and sometimes 100 feet long or more. The roof rafters were reinforced with scores of small sapling poles and log "stingers" were used to anchor the bark on top of the roof. The inside of the bark house consisted of a row of bunks on each side of the lodge. Beds were formed with several layers of bark, covered with soft, hairy pelts. Chains of corn and fruit to be dried were strung on poles between the aisles. Firepits were placed in a prominent place in the aisle, where most of the cooking was done and light obtained at night. Smoke escaped from holes in the roof, that could be covered with bark panels when it rained. The lodge doorways were high and wide, and covered with an animal skin neatly laced to the door post. Model dimensions: length 40", width 20.5", height 17". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_052_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Indians of North America--Dwellings
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a house that was once used as a "station" on the Underground Railroad. The description on the back of the photograph reads: "James Hunt home on East Sandusky Street." The Underground Railroad was a system of safe houses and hiding places that helped fugitive slaves escape to freedom in Canada, Mexico, and elsewhere outside of the United States. White and African American "conductors" served as guides from place to place for those seeking their freedom. It remains unclear when the Underground Railroad began, but members of the Society of Friends, who were also known as the Quakers, were actively assisting fugitive slaves as early as the 1780s. Once they arrived in Ohio, some former slaves decided to remain in the state. They usually settled in neighborhoods with other African Americans. Many runaway slaves continued on to Canada. At least eight cities, including Ashtabula, Painesville, Cleveland, Sandusky, Toledo, Huron, Lorain, and Conneaut, along Lake Erie served as starting points to transport the former slaves to freedom in Canada. Historian Wilbur Siebert believes approximately three thousand miles of Underground Railroad trails existed in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1338_005_001
Subjects: Underground Railroad; Abolitionists; African Americans; Slavery; Houses; Anti-slavery; Activists; Abolition
Places: Mechanicsburg (Ohio); Champaign County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B01F112_10
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: Typed on reverse: "Montgomery Co., Miamisburg, O., Jan. 1938. Aqueduct." This photograph shows a bridge over an aqueduct, likely over the Miami and Erie Canal at Sycamore Creek in Miamisburg, Ohio, near the curve of 4th Street and Canal Street. The Miami and Erie Canal was constructed between 1825 and 1845, eventually connecting the Ohio River at Cincinnati with Lake Erie at Toledo through the western corridor of the state. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F04_006_001
Subjects: Aqueducts; Canals--Ohio--Pictorial works; Canals--Ohio--Dayton; Miami and Erie Canal (Ohio); Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Miamisburg (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: This contract between Huldah R. Giddings and Henry Tibbets dated August 30, 1826 in Clinton County, Ohio, for the indenture of a girl, Rachel Giddings, contains specifics on her care, treatment, and education. Rachel was indentured to Tibbets for the term of four years, five months, and 24 days. In return for her labor, Tibbets was expected to feed and clothe her, care for her when she was sick, and send her to school for a minimum of six weeks. Also included here is a deposition of Ann Moore in the lawsuit of Rachel Giddings vs. Henry Tibbets. Moore, a neighbor of Tibbets, testified on October 20, 1828 about how Tibbets treated Rachel Giddings during her indenture. She says that Tibbets and his wife only struck Rachel with a "small peach tree switch" and claims that Huldah Giddings told Mrs. Tibbets that Rachel needed to be whipped in order to behave. The indenture and deposition are one page each and measure 7.25" x 12.25" (18.42 x 31.15 cm). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1398_1149254_001
Subjects: Daily life; Ohio Government; Laborers; Court records
Places: Wilmington (Ohio); Clinton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of an arrangement of flowers circling a portrait of a deceased man. This photograph was taken by traveling photographer Albert J. Ewing, ca. 1896-1912. Like most of Ewing's work, it was likely taken in southeastern Ohio or central West Virginia. Born in 1870 in Washington County, Ohio, near Marietta, Ewing most likely began his photography career in the 1890s. The 1910 US Census and a 1912-1913 directory list him as a photographer. A negative signed “Ewing Brothers” and a picture with his younger brother, Frank, indicate that Frank may have joined the business. After 1916, directories list Albert as a salesman. He died in 1934. The Ewing Collection consists of 5,055 glass plate negatives, each individually housed and numbered. Additionally, the collection includes approximately 450 modern contact prints made from the glass plate negatives. Subjects include infants and young children, elderly people, families, school and religious groups, animals and rural scenes. In 1982, the Ohio Historical Society received the collection, still housed in the original dry plate negative boxes purchased by Albert J. Ewing. A selection of the original glass plate negatives were exhibited for the first time in 2013 at the Ohio Historical Center. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03853
Subjects: Ewing, Albert J. (1870-1934); Portrait photography--United States—History; Funeral rites and ceremonies--United States; Death--United States
Places: Ohio; West Virginia
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B03F535_003
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Table Rock or Devil's Tea Table at Wolf 16 mi New Phila Route 21 G.N. Green West High New Phila N.K." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F04_038_001
Subjects: Rock formations
Places: Wolf (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Although Ohio women's suffrage supporters successfully petitioned to put women's suffrage on the 1912 ballot, the amendment was defeated in the September election. Despite the defeat, Ohio's suffrage activists continued to campaign for women's right to vote. This 3.5" by 5.5" (8.89 by 13.97cm) image depicts representatives of county suffrage organizations demonstrating on the steps of the Ohio Statehouse in Columbus on July 30,1914. Not until June 16, 1919 did Ohio ratify the 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution and extend to women the right to vote. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1440_1149243_001
Subjects: Ohio Women; Civil liberties; Ohio Government; Suffrage; Suffragists; Voting
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of unidentified Republic Steel Corporation employees working on a new electric furnace at a Republic Steel plant. Republic Steel added five 70-ton electric furnaces at the Canton plant in October 1941 to meet increasing demand and began construction of a new integrated electric furnace steel plant, with nine electric furnaces, adjacent to its South Chicago Works in January 1942. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B01F045A-G_06
Subjects: Steel Industry and trade; Republic Steel Corporation; Electric furnaces
Places: Ohio
 

Description: The Christmas card features a picture of a horse standing with a rider seated in the harness. The rider's clothes are colorized blue and red. Below the photograph there is an emblem of a lit candle in front of a wreath, and there is a poem reading "Wishing for you / Among other things / All of the joy / A glad Christmas brings" Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait (a trot or a pace). They usually pull two-wheeled carts called sulkies, although racing under saddle (trot monté in French) is also conducted in Europe. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F04_020_001
Subjects: Harness racing; Christmas cards
Places: Urbana (Ohio); Champaign County (Ohio)
 

Description: Homecoming parade held for Armstrong in 1969. More than 80,000 supporters greeted Armstrong upon his return to Wapakoneta, Ohio on September 6, 1969. Bob Hope served as marshal for the event, and guests included "Tonight Show" sidekick Ed McMahon, and Dr. Albert Sabin, inventor of the polio vaccine. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV_203B2F5_003
Subjects: Armstrong, Neil, 1930-2012; Wapakoneta (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works
Places: Wapakoneta (Ohio); Auglaize County (Ohio)