Description: A maker's mark indicates that it was manufactured by Annin & Co., America's oldest and largest flag maker. The founder, Alexander Annin, began making flags on the New York City waterfront in the 1820’s. Adopted on February 9, 1948, the flag of the Territory of Guam features the coat of arms on a blue field bordered in red. The almond-shaped seal represents indigenous slingshot stones. Inside are the word "GUAM" and a palm tree, behind which are cliffs and a proa (sailboat) sailing near the capital Hagatna. Guam is the largest and southernmost of the Mariana Islands in the Western Pacific Ocean (Micronesia). Guam's indigenous Chamorro society is thought to have began around 4,000 years ago. After 'discovery' by European Ferdinand Magellan the first colony was established in 1668 by Spain. During WWII, Japanese occupation lasted for approximately thirty-one months. The Battle of Guam on July 21, 1944 (Liberation Day) was notoriously brutal, as Imperial Japanese soldiers fought to the death. Less than 500 surrendered. In 2010, Guam's Governor declared the island name be changed back to the original Chamorro term Guahan. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H65495_001
Subjects: Ceremonial artifact; Communication artifact; Indigenous population; Flags--Guam; World War, 1939-1945; Textile--cotton; Colonization--Spain; Pacific Ocean--Micronesia
Places: Guam
 

Description: Photograph of Arthur K. Lawrence in Spanish American War uniform with a horse, posing with two other African American members of the Medical Corps in front of a tent. Lawrence served as a hospital steward in the 9th Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish American War. The battalion was not sent to Cuba to fight, but spent the duration of the war at several camps in the United States. After the war, Lawrence became a doctor and established a medical practice in Columbus, Ohio; his office was located in the Williams Building at 681 East Long Street. Arthur Kelton Lawrence (1877-1954) was the son of Thomas Lawrence and Martha Hartway Lawrence. Martha escaped from slavery and was taken in by the Kelton family in Columbus, who also employed Thomas. The two were married in 1864. The Spanish American War broke out in April 1898 and ended in July of the same year, during the presidency of Ohioan William McKinley. The United States and Spain battled over control of Cuba, urged on by newspapers such as the New York Journal and the New York World. The so-called "yellow press" presented events from a slanted perspective, favoring Cuban independence from Spain and arousing public sentiment in support of American intervention. As a result of the war, the United States gained control not only of Cuba, but also Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1277_781359_113
Subjects: African American Ohioans; Military Ohio; Spanish American War; African American soldiers; 9th Battalion Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Members of the United Spanish War Veterans of Ohio posed in uniform with weapons. The U.S.W.V. was a fraternal organization that eventually included men who fought in the Spanish American War, the Philippine Insurrection and the China Relief Mission. It was organized into "Departments" by state, and then into smaller groups called "Camps." The organization lasted until 1992, when its last remaining member died at age 106. The Spanish American War was the shortest war in United States history, lasting less than four months. More than 15,000 Ohioans served in the militia and the volunteer army during the war during this time. Of those, few were involved in major action, although 230 died of disease. The Treaty of Paris, negotiated in part by Ohioan Whitelaw Reid, formally ended the war on December 10, 1898, and Spain relinquished to U.S. control the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1279_10_01
Subjects: Spanish-American War, 1898; Veterans; Soldiers--Ohio; Military Ohio; Fraternal organizations;
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Group photograph showing members of the United Spanish War Veterans. The U.S.W.V. was a fraternal organization that eventually included men who fought in the Spanish American War, the Philippine Insurrection and the China Relief Mission. It was organized into "Departments" by state, and then into smaller groups called "Camps." The organization lasted until 1992, when its last remaining member died at age 106. The Spanish American War was the shortest war in United States history, lasting less than four months. More than 15,000 Ohioans served in the militia and the volunteer army during the war during this time. Of those, few were involved in major action, although 230 died of disease. The Treaty of Paris, negotiated in part by Ohioan Whitelaw Reid, formally ended the war on December 10, 1898, and Spain relinquished to U.S. control the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1279_11_01
Subjects: Spanish-American War, 1898; Veterans; Soldiers--Ohio; Military Ohio; Fraternal organizations;
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Group photograph of former Department Commanders of Ohio for the United Spanish War Veterans, June 26-29, 1927. Names are provided on the back of the photograph. Front row (left to right): "Chas. F. Cramer (Past dept. com. & pc-c), Chas. C. Chapp (p. dept. com.), Geo. W. Cunningham (p.d.c.), Syl. Garver (p.d.c.), Myer Geberd (p.d.c.), Harry Syfert." Middle row (left to right): "Alex Frank, Frank Arch, Ben F. Atkinson, Jos. V. Hirsch, O. Noble, August Rupinaw, John G. De Camp." Back row (left to right): Albert Dalnard (p.c.c.-p.d.c.), Ray E. Layton, Ralph H. Carroll, Clarence W. Brinkle, Chas. S. Wragg." The United Spanish War Veterans was a fraternal organization that eventually included men who fought in the Spanish American War, the Philippine Insurrection and the China Relief Mission. It was organized into "Departments" by state, and then into smaller groups called "Camps." The organization lasted until 1992, when its last remaining member died at age 106. The Spanish American War was the shortest war in United States history, lasting less than four months. More than 15,000 Ohioans served in the militia and the volunteer army during the war during this time. Of those, few were involved in major action, although 230 died of disease. The Treaty of Paris, negotiated in part by Ohioan Whitelaw Reid, formally ended the war on December 10, 1898, and Spain relinquished to U.S. control the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1279_12_01
Subjects: Spanish-American War, 1898; Veterans; Soldiers--Ohio; Military Ohio; Fraternal organizations;
Places: Bucyrus (Ohio); Crawford County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a float of the United Spanish War Veterans in the Northwest Territory Sesquicentennial parade in Chillicothe, Ohio, May 9, 1938. The float was sponsored by the E.U. Weidler Camp #48 and the Captain G.W. Brandle Auxiliary #29 of the U.S.W.V. Identified left to right on the float are William A. Wolcott, Harry B. Ankrom, Mrs. Ruth Griesheimer, Claude Raynals, Mrs. Dorothy Nichols, William Drake, Elmer L. Valentine and Howard Strawser. Standing is Walter E. Owen. The United Spanish War Veterans was a fraternal organization that eventually included men who fought in the Spanish American War, the Philippine Insurrection and the China Relief Mission. It was organized into "Departments" by state, and then into smaller groups called "Camps." The organization lasted until 1992, when its last remaining member died at age 106. The Spanish American War was the shortest war in United States history, lasting less than four months. More than 15,000 Ohioans served in the militia and the volunteer army during the war during this time. Of those, few were involved in major action, although 230 died of disease. The Treaty of Paris, negotiated in part by Ohioan Whitelaw Reid, formally ended the war on December 10, 1898, and Spain relinquished to U.S. control the territories of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1279_13_01
Subjects: Spanish-American War, 1898; Veterans; Military Ohio; Parades--Ohio; Northwest Territory--History; Fraternal organizations;
Places: Chillicothe (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Arthur K. Lawrence in his Spanish American War uniform, ca. 1898. Lawrence served as a hospital steward in the 9th Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Spanish American War. The battalion was not sent to Cuba to fight, but spent the duration of the war at several camps in the United States. After the war, Lawrence became a doctor and established a medical practice in Columbus, Ohio; his office was located in the Williams Building at 681 East Long Street. Arthur Kelton Lawrence (1877-1954) was the son of Thomas Lawrence and Martha Hartway Lawrence. Martha escaped from slavery and was taken in by the Kelton family in Columbus, who also employed Thomas. The two were married in 1864. The Spanish American War broke out in April 1898 and ended in July of the same year, during the presidency of Ohioan William McKinley. The United States and Spain battled over control of Cuba, urged on by newspapers such as the New York Journal and the New York World. The so-called "yellow press" presented events from a slanted perspective, favoring Cuban independence from Spain and arousing public sentiment in support of American intervention. As a result of the war, the United States gained control not only of Cuba, but also Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1277_781359_112
Subjects: African American Ohioans; Military Ohio; Spanish American War; African American soldiers; 9th Battalion Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Seven stereoviews show the 8th Ohio Infantry Regiment, U.S. Volunteers prior to their departure for Cuba during the Spanish American War. They measure 3.54 by 7.09 inches (9 by 18 cm). Stereoviews, also called stereographs, contain side-by-side images captured simultaneously from two slightly different perspectives. Looking at the card through a stereoscope, a viewer sees a single three-dimensional image. The first two images are of training exercises at Camp Alger. The third and fourth images show men of the unit at Camp Alger. Images five and six capture regimental commander Colonel Curtis V. Hard of Wooster and Lieutenant Colonel Charles W. H. Dick with other officers in New York. In the final image, men are seen boarding the St. Paul, which transported the regiment to Cuba. The 8th Ohio Infantry Regiment was an Ohio National Guard (O.N.G.) regiment organized in July 1876 and mustered into federal service in May 1898 at Camp Bushnell in Columbus. Prior to the Spanish American War, the regiment maintained peace during civil disturbances and labor strikes throughout the state. Men in the regiment were from northern Ohio, predominantly Ashland, Holmes, Medina, Richland, Wayne, and Stark counties. The 8th Ohio was nicknamed "McKinley's Own" or "The President's Own" because three companies were from President William McKinley's hometown of Canton. The 8th Ohio assembled in Akron, Ohio on April 26th, 1898, just three days after the call for troops. On July 4th, 1898, following several months of training at Camp Bushnell and Camp Alger, Virginia, the 8th Ohio received orders to move to New York, where they would set sail for Cuba. The regiment disembarked at Siboney, Cuba on July 11. Although the unit never participated in combat, it was plagued by disease. The soldiers that did not perish from illness left Cuba on August 17 aboard the S.S. Mohawk. The Spanish American War was the shortest war in United States history, lasting less than four months. It inspired tremendous patriotism, since it was the first war the U.S. fought as a unified nation after the Civil War. American sympathies for Cuban independence from Spain and a "yellow press" interpretation of the sinking of the battleship Maine led to the Spanish American War. (The term "yellow press" refers to a style of journalism that sensationalizes news events.) More than 15,000 Ohioans served in the militia and the volunteer army. Of those, few were involved in major action, although 230 died of disease. The Treaty of Paris, negotiated in part by Ohioan Whitelaw Reid, formally ended the war on December 10, 1898. Spain relinquished to the United States control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. Cuba became independent in 1902. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1331_1664684_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; Spanish American War; Soldiers; Military officers; Boats; 8th Ohio Volunteer Infantry (O.V.I.)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio); Ashland County (Ohio); Holmes County (Ohio); Medina County (Ohio); Richland County (Ohio); Wayne County (Ohio); Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Four photographs document events in Canton, Ohio that marked the 50th anniversary of the death of President William McKinley. The anniversary was marked by the rededication of the McKinley Memorial and a parade. The parade followed the route taken by the McKinley funeral procession in 1901. Various industries were invited to participate in the parade. Among the floats was "Remember the Maine," sponsored by the Timken Roller Bearing Company. The final image shows the end of the parade at the memorial. The photographs measure between 2.5" x 6" (6.35 x 15.24 cm) and 5" x 8" (12.7 x 20.32 cm). William McKinley (1843-1901), the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born in Niles, Ohio. He enlisted in the army at the outbreak of the Civil War and, after being mustered out, studied law and opened a law office in Canton, Ohio. McKinley served in the U.S. Congress for 14 years, and became president in 1897, largely due to the influence of Marcus Hanna, boss of the Cleveland political machine. McKinley was most noted for his foreign policy and the conduct of the Spanish-American War in 1898. It was during McKinley's administration that the U.S. acquired its first overseas possessions in the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. He was re-elected in 1900, but was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901. President McKinley was shot in Buffalo, New York on September 6th, died there on September 11th and was buried in Canton on September 19, 1901. His running mate, Theodore Roosevelt, then became president. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3233_4401940_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Architecture; McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Presidents; Funeral rites & ceremonies; Monuments & memorials; Building dedications; Anniversaries; Parades & processions; Floats (Parades); Horses; Crowds
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)
 

Description: Four photographs depict the McKinley National Memorial built in honor of William McKinley (1843-1901), the twenty-fifth president of the United States, who was assassinated in 1901. Two million bricks were used in the construction of the double-domed mausoleum. The first image shows the memorial in 1936, while the second shows it in 1967. The final two images depict the interior of the memorial, including the double sarcophagi made of Windsor green granite with a base of black Berlin granite. The McKinley Memorial Association was established soon after McKinley's assassination. It raised funds, chose a site, and began construction in 1905. The dedication ceremonies took place on September 30, 1907. Harold Van Buren Magonigle designed the Neoclassical Greek style memorial to reflect the simplicity and dignity of McKinley's life. The interior dome measures 50 feet in diameter and is 75 feet high. The exterior dome is 75 feet in diameter and 95 feet high. Both the interior and the exterior domes are made of pink Milford granite from Massachusetts. An inscription encircling the edge of the dome is a quotation from the president's last speech, made in Buffalo: "Let us ever remember that our interest is in concord not conflict and that our real eminence rests in the victories of peace not those of war." McKinley's children Katie and Ida, who predeceased their parents, were moved from their resting places in the adjacent West Lawn Cemetery to be entombed within the double walls at the rear of the memorial. One hundred and eight steps lead to the entrance of the mausoleum, arranged in four tiers conforming to the terraces on the hill. The bronze statue of President McKinley on the steps was designed by Charles Niehaus, who created it from a photograph taken of the President making his last speech. William McKinley (1843-1901), the twenty-fifth president of the United States, was born in Niles, Ohio. He enlisted in the army at the outbreak of the Civil War and, after being mustered out, studied law and opened a law office in Canton, Ohio. McKinley served in the U.S. Congress for 14 years, and became president in 1897, largely due to the influence of Marcus Hanna, boss of the Cleveland political machine. McKinley was most noted for his foreign policy and the conduct of the Spanish-American War in 1898. It was during McKinley's administration that the U.S. acquired its first overseas possessions in the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico. He was re-elected in 1900, but was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in 1901. His running mate, Theodore Roosevelt, then became president. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3234_4401958_001
Subjects: Architecture; Presidents and Politics; McKinley, William, 1843-1901; Presidents; Funeral rites & ceremonies; Monuments & memorials; Tombs & sepulchral monuments
Places: Canton (Ohio); Stark County (Ohio)