Description: Greenville was founded in 1793, General Anthony Wayne built his fort, Fort Greene Ville, to gain control over the Northwest Territory. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_025_1
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Stadiums
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse Reads: “Class in WPA Project # 9985, Housekeeping Aides. Project Headquarters, Wayne Ave. Market House. May 8, 1936.” “Dayton, Ohio. Not used on acct of uniforms. Made over May 15/36” The Market House, located on the intersection of Wayne Ave. and Seely’s Basin, was built in 1865. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_03_001
Subjects: Household employees; Occupational training
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: This campaign ribbon was created for the presidential election of 1840. It is made of white silk and decorated with images of candidate William Henry Harrison and a log cabin. The ribbon measures 3.15 by 7 inches (8 by 18 cm). Historians have described the 1840 campaign as the first modern political campaign. Harrison broke with tradition and campaigned actively for president on the Whig ticket. The log cabin became the symbol of Harrison's campaign when his Democratic opponents ridiculed him, saying he would be content to spend his days in a log cabin drinking hard cider. Harrison's supporters turned this insult around to portray Harrison as a man of the people. Harrison (1773-1841) was a member of a prominent Virginia family. He served as aide-de-camp to General Anthony Wayne during the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794. After moving to the Ohio country, he became secretary of the Northwest Territory and served as the territory's first representative to Congress. In 1801, Harrison became governor of the Indiana Territory and served in that position for 12 years. Harrison achieved his greatest fame during the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He was planning an attack on an American Indian settlement known as Prophet's town. Instead, American Indian forces attacked Harrison's camp on the Tippecanoe River. Harrison's troops repulsed the attack, but suffered almost 200 dead and wounded. During the War of 1812, Harrison commanded the Army of the Northwest and attained the rank of brigadier general. In 1813, he defeated the combined forces of the British and American Indians at the Battle of the Thames, where Chief Tecumseh was killed. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1427_1534367_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841; Presidential elections; Log cabins
Places: North Bend (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: In late 1791, the Miami (Myaamia) Nation defeated General Arthur St. Clair's forces at this site along the Wabash River. Nearly three-quarters of St. Clair's men were killed or wounded in the attack. In late 1793, General Anthony Wayne sent a force to build a four-blockhouse post named Recovery at the site of St. Clair's defeat. It was completed in March of 1794 and on June 30 of that year, General Wayne's army defeated a large number of American Indian warriors. This set the stage for Wayne's final triumph at Fallen Timbers in August of 1794. Today, Fort Recovery State Memorial offers visitors a glimpse of the 1790s, featuring two reconstructed blockhouses with connecting stockades, a monument, and a museum. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F01_024
Subjects: Fort Recovery (Ohio); Forts & fortifications--1770-1800.
Places: Fort Recovery (Ohio); Mercer County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Lily pond and music shell, City Park." The Greenville City Park covers over 100 acres and has activities from swimming to horseshoes. It offers entertainment for any interest. The modern city of Greenville stands on the site of Greene Ville Fort, built in 1793 by Anthony Wayne as a staging point for his 1794 campaigns against hostile Native Americans in the area. The modern city was founded in 1808 and by the turn of the twentieth century it was the main metropolitan center of Darke County. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_027_1
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Arts and Entertainment; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Corporal Peter Briggs was discharged from service on April 15, 1795, by General Anthony Wayne. The document also provides a brief physical description of Briggs. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_013_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Ohio Government; Military discharges
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Code: E22; Class: Cities; Ident.: Looking toward city from High Level Bridge; Location: Toledo; Credit: Courtesy of U.S.H.A." This is a photograph depicting the view from the Anthony Wayne Bridge in Toledo, Ohio. The skyline can be seen in the top left corner and there are several houses in the foreground. Some train tracks run through a factory behind the homes and the Maumee River can be seen behind it. Locally known as the High Level Bridge, the Anthony Wayne Bridge is a 3,215-foot suspension bridge crossing the Maumee River, and has been a staple of Toledo's skyline for more than 70 years. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F11_012_001
Subjects: Maumee River (Ind. and Ohio); Cargo Ships; Bridges Ohio; Cityscape photography; Toledo (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works; Central business districts--Ohio--Toledo; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Toledo (Ohio); Lucas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This image shows the plaque at the Fort Jefferson monument in Greenville, Ohio. Fort Jefferson was built about six miles south of Greenville, Ohio, on the order of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791. The purpose of the fort was to serve as a supply garrison for St. Clair's campaign against the area’s American Indian population, hence its original name of Fort Deposit. In November 1791, St. Clair attacked the area's tribes, but under the leadership of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) and Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes easily defeated St. Clair and his troops. This loss, which was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of the American Indians, came to be known as "St. Clair’s Defeat." During the battle, well over half of St. Clair’s 1,400 men were killed or wounded. After the battle, St. Clair’s men fled to Fort Jefferson, but found little in the way of supplies and quickly moved south to Fort Washington. Later, Fort Jefferson was used during the campaign of General Anthony Wayne before being abandoned in 1796. The location is now the site of the Fort Jefferson Memorial Park, one of the Ohio History Connection's network of historic sites. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06441
Subjects: Forts & fortifications; St. Clair, Arthur, 1734-1818; Northwest Territory--History; American Indians--Warfare; Fort Jefferson
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: This papier-mâché snuffbox is an example of the plethora of campaign paraphernalia that was created for William Henry Harrison's successful campaign for the presidency in 1840. Harrison's image is painted on the top of the box, while the bottom shows a scene from the Battle of Tippecanoe. The snuff box was manufactured in England. It measures 5.31 by 3.54 inches (13.5 by 9 cm). Snuffboxes were used to hold powdered tobacco, which was popular in the nineteenth century. Historians have described the 1840 campaign as the first modern political campaign. Harrison broke with tradition and campaigned actively for president on the Whig ticket. The log cabin became the symbol of Harrison's campaign when his Democratic opponents ridiculed him, saying he would be content to spend his days in a log cabin drinking hard cider. Harrison's supporters turned this insult around to portray Harrison as a man of the people. William Henry Harrison (1773-1841) was a member of a prominent Virginia family who made a career of the army. He served as aide-de-camp to General Anthony Wayne during the Battle of Fallen Timbers. After moving to Ohio, he became secretary of the Northwest Territory and served as the territory's first representative to Congress. In 1801, Harrison became governor of the Indiana Territory and served in that position for 12 years. As governor, one of Harrison's major responsibilities was to obtain title to Indian lands to accommodate white settlement. Harrison achieved his greatest fame during the Battle of Tippecanoe in 1811. He was planning an attack on an Indian settlement known as Prophet's town. Instead, the Indians attacked Harrison's camp on the Tippecanoe River. Harrison's troops repulsed the Indians, but suffered almost 200 dead and wounded. During the War of 1812, Harrison commanded the Army of the Northwest and attained the rank of brigadier general. In 1813, he defeated the combined forces of the British and American Indians at the Battle of the Thames, where chief Tecumseh was killed. Harrison resigned his commission in 1814 and returned to Ohio. He entered politics and served in both houses of the U.S. Congress and the state senate. Supporters suggested Harrison as a possible candidate for vice president in 1836, but he swore he would never accept that office and campaigned for president. Because there were three Whigs running for president, Democrat Martin Van Buren won the election. Still, Harrison gained enough support to make him a viable candidate for the 1840 election. Harrison won the election, but contacted pneumonia and died after only one month in office. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1353_1149109_001
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Political campaigns; Presidential elections; Snuff; Harrison, William Henry, 1773-1841
Places: North Bend (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1935-1940, this photograph shows the tablet at the front entrance of the City Hall in Greenville, Ohio, which reads "Site of Fort Greene-Ville. The largest pioneer fort in Ohio, built in 1793 by General Anthony Wayne. Here in August 5, 1795, the Treaty was signed by which much of present Ohio was opened to White settlement." In August 1795, representatives from the Myaamia, Wyandotte, Shawnee, Lenape, Ottawa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Kaskaskias, Eel River, and Weas signed the Treaty of Greenville. In signing the treaty, these tribes agreed to move to the northwestern part of what is now the State of Ohio. Championed as a treaty of friendship between Anglo-American settlers and American Indian tribes, the treaty forced tribal leaders to relinquish much of their land to Anglo-Americans. This is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_014_001
Subjects: City halls; Historic sites--Ohio; Public buildings; Treaty of Greenville; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photographic copy of the Treaty of Greeneville, signed August 3, 1795, at Fort Greene Ville (the present site of Greenville, Ohio). On August 20, 1794, an American army commanded by Anthony Wayne defeated a Native American force led by Blue Jacket of the Shawnee at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. With this victory, Indians living in the western portion of modern-day Ohio knew that they had to sue for peace. In January 1795, representatives from the various tribes met with Wayne at Fort Greene Ville. The Americans and natives spent the next eight months negotiating a treaty. It became known as the Treaty of Greeneville. On August 3, 1795, leaders of the Wyandot Indians, the Delaware Indians, the Shawnee Indians, the Ottawa Indians, the Miami Indians, the Eel River Indians, the Wea Indians, the Chippewa Indians, the Potawatomi Indians, the Kickapoo Indians, the Piankashaw Indians, and the Kaskaskia Indians formally signed the treaty. The natives agreed to relinquish all claims to land south and east of a boundary that began roughly at the mouth of the Cuyahoga River. It ran southward to Fort Laurens and then turned westward to Fort Loramie and Fort Recovery. It then turned southward to the Ohio River. The Indians, however, could still hunt on the land that they ceded. The whites agreed to relinquish their claims to land north and west of the line, although the natives permitted the Americans to establish several trading posts in their territory. The United States also provided the Indians with $20,000 worth of goods for signing the treaty. The American government also agreed to give the natives $9,500 every year in goods. The Indians were to decide how the goods would be divided among them. Many Indians refused to honor the agreement. White settlers continued to move onto the contested land. Violence continued between these two peoples. Native American leaders like Tecumseh and the Prophet would emerge in the early 1800s to carry on the Indian struggle to regain their lost land. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_011_001
Subjects: Ohio Government; Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Northwest Territory; Treaties; Treaty of Greenville
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Inscription on plaque reads: "Fort Jefferson. Built by the army of General Arthur St. Clair in October 1791 and used as a military post during the campaigns against the north-western Indian tribes. MCMVII." The monument is made of faced granite field boulders, six feet square and twenty-feet tall. The area is maintained as a roadside park with a picnic shelter and grills. No part of the fort remains. Fort Jefferson Park and Monument marks the site of an advance outpost of General Arthur St. Clair. It was named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State. One of a chain of defensive forts built to protect army supplies from Indians, it served as a supply base throughout the campaigns of General St. Clair and General Anthony Wayne. It was abandoned in 1796. In October 1791, General Arthur St. Clair ordered the construction of a fort roughly six miles south of modern-day Greenville, Ohio. He intended to use the site as a supply depot for his campaign against the Miami Indians. The fort was a rough square with the walls approximately one hundred feet in length. St. Clair's men also built blockhouses on each corner of the fort. Originally called Fort Deposit, General St. Clair preferred to call the stockade Fort Jefferson. After the fort's completion, St. Clair's army moved against the Miami Indians. On the morning of November 4, 1791, natives under Little Turtle and Blue Jacket attacked. They easily drove the Americans from the field. The American survivors fled to Fort Jefferson for safety, but they found no food or medical supplies and quickly departed for Fort Washington. This battle became known as St. Clair's Defeat. His force suffered 647 killed soldiers and 271 wounded men out of 1400 participants in the battle. It was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of Native Americans. For the next three years, American soldiers manned Fort Jefferson. Conditions were difficult as Native Americans sought to drive the men from the area. The natives did all they could to prevent supplies from reaching the embattled soldiers. The United States government hoped to use Fort Jefferson for attacks on the hostile natives as well as protection for white settlements in the area. It was an important supply depot for Anthony Wayne and his army in 1794 as they sought to punish the natives for St. Clair's Defeat. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_048
Subjects: Monuments--Ohio; Fortification--Ohio; Historic sites--Ohio; Fort Jefferson (Ohio)
Places: Fort Jefferson (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)