Description: Dated ca. 1935-1940, this photograph shows the tablet at the front entrance of the City Hall in Greenville, Ohio, which reads "Site of Fort Greene-Ville. The largest pioneer fort in Ohio, built in 1793 by General Anthony Wayne. Here in August 5, 1795, the Treaty was signed by which much of present Ohio was opened to White settlement." In August 1795, representatives from the Myaamia, Wyandotte, Shawnee, Lenape, Ottawa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Kaskaskias, Eel River, and Weas signed the Treaty of Greenville. In signing the treaty, these tribes agreed to move to the northwestern part of what is now the State of Ohio. Championed as a treaty of friendship between Anglo-American settlers and American Indian tribes, the treaty forced tribal leaders to relinquish much of their land to Anglo-Americans. This is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_014_001
Subjects: City halls; Historic sites--Ohio; Public buildings; Treaty of Greenville; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: This calumet, or ceremonial pipe, seen here in two views, was used at the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Possibly crafted by a member of one of the tribes who were signatories on the treaty, it is made of red catlinite with inlaid metal designs and a carved wooden stem, and was one of several pipes smoked by participants over the course of solemnizing the treaty negotiations. General Anthony Wayne defeated the American Indian confederacy led by Blue Jacket at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. Abandoned by the British at Fort Miami, the American Indians agreed to a peace settlement. A year later, representatives from twelve tribes met at Greenville, in present-day Darke County, to negotiate with Wayne. Among the leaders were Little Turtle of the Miami, Tarhe of the Wyandot, and Blue Jacket and Black Hoof of the Shawnee. The treaty confined the American Indians to northwestern Ohio. Despite Wayne's hope that the treaty would hold "as long as the woods grow and waters run" American Indians were removed to the West by the mid-19th century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H39471_1
Subjects: American Indian history and society; Wayne, Anthony, 1745 - 1796; American Indian tribal leaders; Treaty of Greenville; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood;
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Collected for use in the Ohio Guide, this photograph shows the aftermath of the Great Flood of 1913 in Greenville, Ohio, one of the many Ohio cities impacted by the flood, a result of several major rivers throughout central and eastern United States overflowing due to heavy rainfall from March 23-26. Once levees and flood walls failed, the Great Miami River flowed across western Ohio, killing nearly 430 people statewide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_011_1
Subjects: Photographs--History--20th century; Greenville (Ohio)--History; Great Miami River (Ohio); Floods; Natural disasters; Ohio Federal Writers' Project; Works Progress Administration
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Title on front reads: "Plat of Site at Fort Jefferson. 5 1/2 miels south & west of Greenville, Ohio. August 20, 1930. Maj. J.F. Mullenkopf, Civil Engineer." This drawing is similar to a blueprint and shows the location of the the monument at Fort Jefferson, as well as three blockhouses, an underground passage, several ash pits, a well and several other sites. The monument at Fort Jefferson is made of faced granite field boulders, six feet square and twenty-feet tall. The area is maintained as a roadside park with a picnic shelter and grills. No part of the fort remains. Fort Jefferson Park and Monument marks the site of an advance outpost of General Arthur St. Clair. It was named in honor of Thomas Jefferson, then Secretary of State. One of a chain of defensive forts built to protect army supplies from Indians, it served as a supply base throughout the campaigns of General St. Clair and General Anthony Wayne. It was abandoned in 1796. In October 1791, General Arthur St. Clair ordered the construction of a fort roughly six miles south of modern-day Greenville, Ohio. He intended to use the site as a supply depot for his campaign against the Miami Indians. The fort was a rough square with the walls approximately one hundred feet in length. St. Clair's men also built blockhouses on each corner of the fort. Originally called Fort Deposit, General St. Clair preferred to call the stockade Fort Jefferson. After the fort's completion, St. Clair's army moved against the Miami Indians. On the morning of November 4, 1791, natives under Little Turtle and Blue Jacket attacked. They easily drove the Americans from the field. The American survivors fled to Fort Jefferson for safety, but they found no food or medical supplies and quickly departed for Fort Washington. This battle became known as St. Clair's Defeat. His force suffered 647 killed soldiers and 271 wounded men out of 1400 participants in the battle. It was one of the worst defeats of the American military at the hands of Native Americans. For the next three years, American soldiers manned Fort Jefferson. Conditions were difficult as Native Americans sought to drive the men from the area. The natives did all they could to prevent supplies from reaching the embattled soldiers. The United States government hoped to use Fort Jefferson for attacks on the hostile natives as well as protection for white settlements in the area. It was an important supply depot for Anthony Wayne and his army in 1794 as they sought to punish the natives for St. Clair's Defeat. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F13_014
Subjects: Fort Jefferson (Ohio); Greenville (Ohio)--History; Darke County (Ohio)--History; Fort Jefferson, Ohio. [from old catalog]
Places: Fort Jefferson (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: "The Signing of the Treaty of Greene Ville, 1795," as depicted by Howard Chandler Christy (painted in 1945). In this scene, General Anthony Wayne dictates terms of the treaty to the gathered American Indians. This painting is currently hanging in the rotunda of the Ohio Statehouse. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00235
Subjects: Treaty of Green Ville (1795); Greenville (Ohio); Ohio History--Military Ohio; Christy, Howard Chandler, 1873-1952
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Original description reads: "Soldiers and Sailors monument, Greenville Cemetery." The plaque from this monument reads: "Erected & donated A.D. 1903 by Frank Mc[?] & wife. In honor and memory of the Union soldiers of Darke County, Ohio, living or dead, who served in the war of 1861-1865. Also, of all soldiers of Darke County, Ohio, who served the United States in any of its wars." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_015_1
Subjects: United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Monuments; Cemeteries--Ohio--Greenville
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Portrait of Anthony Wayne, ca. 1795. General Wayne led a military campaign against Native American tribes in the Northwest Territory that culminated with the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. These events allowed for white settlement in the Northwest Territory which included Indiana and Ohio. Next to Jacket Button: "Trumbull" On Jacket Sleeve: "Forest" Below Image: BRIGR [superscript over period]. GEN. ANTHONY WAYNE. [Anthony Wayne signature] View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02896
Subjects: Wayne, Anthony, 1745-1796; Greenville, Treaty of, 1795; Fallen Timbers, Battle of, Ohio, 1794; American Indians; Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Ohio; Northwest Territory
 

Description: Photographic reproduction of a print depicting Chief Tarhe, The Crane, of the Wyandot tribe. Tarhe was chief of the Wyandots and recognized for uniting the Indian warriors in the Battle of Point Pleasant in 1774, the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and signed the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Tarhe died in 1818 at the age of 76. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02724
Subjects: American Indians; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Tarhe, Wyandot chief, 1742-1818; Wyandot Indians--History; Fallen Timbers, Battle of, Ohio, 1794; Greenville, Treaty of, 1795
 

Description: Map showing the lands involved with General Anthony Wayne's campaign against American Indians in the Northwest Territory, 1793-1794. The map also includes the military traces of General Josiah Harmar (1790) and General Arthur St. Clair (1791). It was prepared by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, drawn by Paul N. Haines in June of 1944, and approved by the Anthony Wayne Memorial Legislative Committee on June 16, 1944. Also included is an inset of the Toledo-Detroit area. General Wayne led a military campaign against American Indian tribes in the Northwest Territory that culminated with the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794 and the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. These events allowed for white settlement in the Northwest Territory which included Indiana and Ohio, and the forced removal of the tribes who had traditionally lived in these same lands. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MAPVFM0115_8_01
Subjects: Wayne, Anthony, 1745-1796; Greenville, Treaty of, 1795; Fallen Timbers, Battle of, Ohio, 1794; American Indians; Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Northwest Territory;
 

Description: Close-up view of Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket) from the painting "The Signing of the Treaty of Greene Ville, 1795," as depicted by Howard Chandler Christy. The painting was created in 1945 and is hanging in the rotunda of the Ohio Statehouse. During the early 1790s, Weyapiersenwah of the Shawnee and Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle), chief of the Miami, were the major leaders of the American Indians in the Ohio Country. They led their people against American settlers in western Ohio as the whites moved into the area. A large alliance of American Indians, led by Weyapiersenwah and Mishikinakwa defeated an army led by General Josiah Harmar in 1790 and another one led by Arthur St. Clair in 1791. Following St. Clair's Defeat, Little Turtle called for negotiations between the Indians and the Americans. Blue Jacket then assumed control over native attempts to stop the influx of settlers. In 1794, he led the American Indians against an army led by General Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers. Wayne emerged from the battle victorious while Blue Jacket's men fell back to Fort Miamis, a British stronghold. The British refused to assist the American Indians, at which point Blue Jacket and his followers agreed to negotiate with the Americans in what was known as the Treaty of Greeneville (1795). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02712
Subjects: Greenville, Treaty of, 1795; American Indian history and society; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood; Christy, Howard Chandler, 1873-1952