Description: Original description reads: " 'Council Rock' Morgan County, Ohio. Picture given to Frank H. Smith by Dr. James Ball Naylor, historian and novelist. Doctor says he took this picture in about 1906." Council Rock, south of McConnellsvile, Morgan County, Ohio. According to local legend, Council Rock was a significant Native American meeting place. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_008_1
Subjects: Indians--Antiquities; Indian art--Ohio
Places: Morgan County (Ohio)
 

Description: Effigy of a flat, stylized human hand cut from sheet mica, Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from Hopewell Mound Group, Ross County, Ohio ca. 1922-1925. The Hopewell obtained mica from western North Carolina. Archeologists are uncertain how they used mica cut outs. This object is held in the Ohio Historical Society Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02821
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; American Indian art and culture; Mounds--Ohio--Ross County; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Twin Township (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Serpent Mound is a spectacular effigy earthwork of a serpent uncoiling along a prominent ridgetop in northern Adams County, Ohio. From the tip of its nose to the end of its tail, the effigy is 1,348 feet long. When it was originally described in 1848, the body of the serpent was five feet high and 30 feet wide. Excavations between 1887 and 1889 by Frederic Putnam, of Harvard University's Peabody Museum, revealed the structure of the earthwork, but Putnam did not find any artifacts that revealed the age or cultural affiliation of the mound. Until recently, archaeologists assumed that Serpent Mound was built by the Adena culture (800 B.C. to 100 A.D.) since two Adena burial mounds are located nearby. Yet Putnam also discovered traces of a village of the Fort Ancient culture (1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D.) near the Serpent. Excavations conducted in 1991 recovered charcoal that returned radiocarbon dates suggesting that the Fort Ancient people built the mound between about 1025 A.D. and 1215 A.D. Serpents are a common feature in the art of the Late Prehistoric Period (900 A.D. to 1650 A.D.). Many American Indians of the Eastern Woodlands believed the Great Serpent was a powerful spirit of the Underworld, and it is believed that Serpent Mound may be a representation of these beliefs. The head of Serpent Mound is aligned with the setting sun on the summer solstice and the coils may be aligned to the summer and winter solstice and equinox sunrises. These alignments support the idea that Serpent Mound had a ceremonial purpose for its creators. Frederic Putnam saved Serpent Mound from destruction. On his urging, funds were raised for Harvard University to purchase the site. Later, the ownership was transferred to the Ohio Historical Society. Serpent Mound is now recognized as a National Historic Landmark. Serpent Mound State Memorial is located 20 miles south of Bainbridge in Adams County. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC804_SerpentMound_01
Subjects: Great Serpent Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Art)--United States; American Indian history; Earthworks (Archaeology); Mounds--Ohio--Adams County; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650)
Places: Adams County (Ohio);
 

Description: Serpent Mound is a spectacular effigy earthwork of a serpent uncoiling along a prominent ridgetop in northern Adams County, Ohio. From the tip of its nose to the end of its tail, the effigy is 1,348 feet long. When it was originally described in 1848, the body of the serpent was five feet high and 30 feet wide. Excavations between 1887 and 1889 by Frederic Putnam, of Harvard University's Peabody Museum, revealed the structure of the earthwork, but Putnam did not find any artifacts that revealed the age or cultural affiliation of the mound. Until recently, archaeologists assumed that Serpent Mound was built by the Adena culture (800 B.C. to 100 A.D.) since two Adena burial mounds are located nearby. Yet Putnam also discovered traces of a village of the Fort Ancient culture (1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D.) near the Serpent. Excavations conducted in 1991 recovered charcoal that returned radiocarbon dates suggesting that the Fort Ancient people built the mound between about 1025 A.D. and 1215 A View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC804_SerpentMound_02
Subjects: Great Serpent Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Art)--United States; American Indian history; Earthworks (Archaeology); Mounds--Ohio--Adams County; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650)
Places: Adams County (Ohio);
 

Description: William J. Baer's portrayal of Serpent Mound from the northwest, converted into an engraving for Century Magazine. Known as Great Serpent Mound, it is nearly a quarter mile long with an average height of 4-5 feet and a width of 20-25 feet. This large serpent effigy sits atop a plateau overlooking the Brush Creek Valley. The mound is thought to date to the Fort Ancient culture (AD 1000-1550). William Jacob Baer was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on January 29, 1860. Baer was well known for his miniature paintings which helped revive the art of miniature painting in America. He died in East Orange, New Jersey in 1941. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02912
Subjects: Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Great Serpent Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Art)--United States; American Indian history; Baer, William J. (William Jacob), 1860-1941
Places: Adams County (Ohio)