Description: This photograph depicts the closing day of the Adena Mound excavation in Chillicothe, Ohio, 1901. In 1901, while Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection), William C. Mills excavated the Adena Mound. He and his team of workers discovered a number of artifacts in the mound, including copper bracelets and rings, slate gorgets, spear points made from Flint Ridge flint, and many bone and shell beads. The most remarkable artifact found in the Adena Mound was the Adena effigy pipe, also known as the Adena Man, which is now recognized as the state artifact of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08567
Subjects: Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Adena Mound; Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds--Ohio--Ross County
Places: Chillicothe (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Aerial view of the Ohio State Fairgrounds, 1854. The Ohio State Fair is an annual exhibition that showcases Ohio farming and commercial products and achievements. The first fair was held in 1850, and after moving to various locations around the state for several decades, the event settled at its permanent location at the Ohio Expo Center in Columbus in 1886. From September 19 through 22, 1854, the fair was held at Newark's Great Circle Mound (now known as Moundbuilders Park). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04155
Subjects: Ohio State Fair (Newark, Ohio); Ohio Economy--Agriculture; Fairs--Ohio; Mounds--Ohio--Licking County
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing post holes at Adena Mound near Chillicothe in Ross County, Ohio, 1901. Many Adena mounds cover the remains of large buildings as well as burials, but because the Adena people dismantled or burned down these structures before building their mounds, the only evidence of their existence are the filled-in holes where the wall posts and roof supports once stood. Buildings were generally round with single posts (early Adena) or pairs of posts (late Adena) spaced at regular intervals. These post holes are useful for determining the width of the structure (usually 15 to 60 feet across, although some exceed 90 feet) and the size of the wall posts. The exact purpose of these structures is not known. In 1901, while curator of archaeology for the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection), William C. Mills excavated the Adena Mound. He and his team of workers discovered a number of artifacts in the mound, including copper bracelets and rings, slate gorgets, spear points made from Flint Ridge flint, and many bone and shell beads. The most remarkable artifact found in the Adena Mound was the Adena effigy pipe, also known as the Adena Man, which is now recognized as the state artifact of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B01F01e04_01
Subjects: Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Adena Mound; Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds--Ohio--Ross County
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing Adena Mound after the second 5-foot cut during excavation, 1901. In 1901, while curator of archaeology for the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection), William C. Mills excavated the Adena Mound. He and his team of workers discovered a number of artifacts in the mound, including copper bracelets and rings, slate gorgets, spear points made from Flint Ridge flint, and many bone and shell beads. The most remarkable artifact found in the Adena Mound was the Adena effigy pipe, also known as the Adena Man, which is now recognized as the state artifact of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B01F01e05_01
Subjects: Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Adena Mound; Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds--Ohio--Ross County
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows an unidentified pit uncovered near Buchanan, Ohio, in Pike County. The pit is composed of medium-sized rocks and two men's hats lay on top. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_12
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Hats
Places: Buchanan (Ohio); Pebble Township (Ohio); Pike County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption: Prehistoric Mound at Marietta O. Photo of Conus mound taken between 1935-1943. The early residents of Marietta recognized the earthworks as an important cultural feature worthy of preservation. It is to their credit that as early as 1788 they enacted resolutions that set aside several of the largest mounds for continual preservation on public lands. Radiocarbon dates, internal mound structure, stone tools, and types of pottery uncovered indicate that at least some portions of the Marietta Earthworks were created by the Hopewell Culture, which flourished generally between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F01_070
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; Cemeteries--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology); Marietta (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph taken of a field camp at Edwin Harness Mound during excavation, ca. 1906-1908. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E6_05
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph looking west at Edwin Harness Mound prior to its excavation, 1903-1905. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E5_04
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph taken at the beginning of excavation work taking place at Edwin Harness Mound, 1905. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E6_06
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph looking west at Edwin Harness Mound prior to its excavation, 1903-1905. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E5_03
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph looking southwest at Edwin Harness Mound prior to its excavation, 1903-1905. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E5_06
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph taken at the beginning of excavation work taking place at Edwin Harness Mound, 1905. The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E6_11
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio; Mounds (Burials)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)