Description: Original description reads: "Project #16-31-48. Open air theater at the U.C.-95% completed." This amphitheater, built with aid from the W.P.A., no longer exists on the University of Cincinnati campus. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F13_021_1
Subjects: Amphitheaters--Ohio; College campuses--Ohio; United States. Work Projects Administration; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: A group of immigrants at a literacy and citizenship class in Mingo Junction, Ohio, a steel mill town in Jefferson County, 1939. The class is discussing the structure of the United States government and its separate branches based on the Constitution. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00023
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration (Ohio); Multicultural Ohio--Ohio Women
Places: Mingo Junction (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: A winter photograph of a large coal-powered industrial factory in Ohio. This photograph also contains snow-covered trains filled with coal. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F08_026_1
Subjects: Coal-fired power plants--United States; Factories--History; Industries--Ohio; United States. Work Projects Administration (Ohio)
Places: (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated August 15, 1936, this photograph shows Works Progress Administration workers beginning construction on the amphitheater at University of Cincinnati in Hamilton County, Ohio. The photograph's original caption reads "Open air theater at the University of Cincinnati, 45% completed Aug. 15, 1936." The amphitheater is no longer part of the campus. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F13_018_1
Subjects: Amphitheaters--Ohio; College campuses--Ohio; United States. Work Projects Administration; Architecture
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated August 15, 1936, this photograph shows Works Progress Administration workers beginning construction on the amphitheater at University of Cincinnati in Hamilton County, Ohio. The photograph's original caption reads "Open air theater at the University of Cincinnati, 45% completed Aug. 15, 1936." The amphitheater is no longer part of the campus. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F13_020_1
Subjects: Amphitheaters--Ohio; College campuses--Ohio; United States. Work Projects Administration; Architecture
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: 3"x 4" photograph of an Eiffel Tower replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Eiffel Tower is a 984-foot symbol in the capital city of Paris, France. It was built between 1887 and 1889 by designer, engineer Gustave Eiffel. It was erected as a central identifying feature of the Paris Exposition of 1889. It has three levels. Stairs are available to reach the first two levels. However, visitors must take an elevator to reach the third level. The highest level reaches a height equal to that of a 90-story skyscraper. The Eiffel Tower's metal structure, consisting of steel and iron, weighs 7,300 tons. The total weight is 10,100 tons. The model is length 24", width 24", height 66". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_039_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Tour Eiffel (Paris, France)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 3" x 4" photograph of a bolted house from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The bolted house model was designed to improve and demonstrate manual dexterity and coordination. A replication of most likely the most simple of the small, two-story gable houses. The model was small enough for a child to manipulate the parts; walls, roof, floor and chimney. The parts were made to fasten to one another by different-sized bolts and nuts. Each part had to be fastened in a particular order with the corresponding part. The chimney could only be fastened to the roof with the correct-sized bolt, and only after the roof was bolted in place. Likewise, the walls had to be bolted before the roof was bolted, and previously be bolted to the floor pieces. Two bolted house models were made. One had light gray walls and a green roof; the other had white walls and a blue roof. Both had a red chimney. All parts were made of wood. The model dimensions: length 18", width 7", height 12". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind, " compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. It was the first in the nation to be created and maintained entirely by the State government. The school opened its doors in 1839, and it was located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution. Eleven students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind this first year. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2, 058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s, the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953, the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education (kindergarten through high school) at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_036_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Model Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 3" x 4" photograph of Monticello replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The home of Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States, stands on top of a "little mountain," 600 feet high. Jefferson designed Monticello, meaning "hillock" or "little mountain" in Italian, that took more than 40 years to build. Monticello is an example of neoclassical design; a fine example of Roman neoclassicism. The first design rendered 14 rooms total on three floors; now 33 rooms on four floors. The site of Monticello, located on a large plantation of 5,000 acres, had been in the family since 1735. The Virginia State Capitol and the University of Virginia were also designed by Thomas Jefferson. The model is length 36", width 41", height 16.5". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. In 1837, the Ohio government established the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind. This institution was the predecessor of the Ohio State School for the Blind. It was the first public school for the blind in the United States. It was the first in the nation to be created and maintained entirely by the State government. The school opened its doors in 1839, and it was located in downtown Columbus, Ohio. Any blind children residing in Ohio could attend the institution. Eleven students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind this first year. The school initially had a maximum capacity of sixty students, but upon moving to a new building in 1874, more than three hundred students could attend at one time. Between 1839 and 1901, 2,058 students enrolled at the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind, with 339 attending in 1901 alone. In the early 1900s, the Ohio Institution for the Education of the Blind became known as the Ohio State School for the Blind, and the Ohio Department of Education assumed control of the school. In 1953, the school moved ten miles north of its original location to its present home. In 2005, 126 students enrolled in the Ohio State School for the Blind. Students as young as three and as old as twenty-one years of age attended the school. Students could receive their entire education (kindergarten through high school) at the institution. In addition, the Ohio State School for the Blind offered vocational training for its students. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_043_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Monticello (Va.)
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a Queen Mary replica from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Queen Mary, of the once Cunard-White Star line, a British company, is a retired ocean linear that sailed the North Atlantic Ocean from 1936 to 1967. In 1936, the Queen Mary held the world's record for speed in both east and west Atlantic crossings, averaging 30.63 knots an hour. The main dining room was 160 feet long and 118 wide, extending through three decks. It took 24 large boilers heated by 200 oil burners to generate steam for the turbines. Fumes from the boilers were carried off by the three funnels. During World War II, the Queen Mary, its running mate Queen Elizabeth, and Normandie were converted to be used as troopships. Queen Mary's hull, superstructure and funnels were painted navy gray in the conversion. In December 1942, she carried 16,082 American troops from New York to Great Britain. The Queen Mary still holds the standing record for the most passengers ever transported on one vessel. Before World War II, the ocean liner could accommodate 1,995 passengers with 421 cabin-class suites and rooms, 300 tourist class staterooms and 214 third-class rooms. On September 19, 1967, after 1,001 crossings of the Atlantic, Queen Mary retired. The Queen Mary now resides in Long Beach, California. Model dimensions: length 46", width 6", height 11". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_047_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Queen Mary (Steamship); Ship models
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: 3" x 4" photograph of a Monitor replica from the collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The Monitor, an iron-clad warship, is famous for its duel with the Merrimac, in the American Civil War. The Battle of Hampton Roads, often called the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimac, received worldwide publicity as the first fight between two iron-clad ships. The Monitor, an iron-clad ship of unique design, was described by people as a "cheese box on a raft." The ship had a low deck, 172 feet long and 42 feet wide, that water easily rolled over it. At its center, was a revolving circular turret, 20 feet in diameter and 9 feet high, with two powerful XI-inch Dahlgren, smooth-bore cannons that could pour fire in all directions. Neither ship was materially damaged in the battle, but a lucky shot by the Merrimac through a sight-hole blinded the commanding officer of the Monitor. The inconclusive battle ended when the Monitor withdrew, as did the Merrimac shortly after. Model dimensions: length 14.5", width 3.5", height 3.5". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_044_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Warships Models
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photo of a student at the Ohio State School for the Blind touching a model of an artesian well to develop a mental image. The model incorporates pipes for the well and shows the different series of rock. Reverse reads: “ARTESIAN WELL – Artesian well is a well formed by boring or drilling into a layer of porous rock or earth, which brings water from some higher point. Such a layer or stratum lying between two impervious layers of rock or clay is shown in the model. The rain falls upon it, where it is exposed, and seems inward, prevented by the harder rock below from going directly down. If a well is bored at any point between outcropping ends, water will be forced into it, perhaps flowing freely at the surface according to the principles explained by the lower half of the model. The name artesian was formerly restricted to flowing wells, and is derived from the province of Artois, Frank, where this type of well was first popular. Most artesian wells supply pure drinking water, excellent for domestic purposes, and for stock, though often containing minerals. They are common in many regions, where surface water of good quality is not easily obtained. In recent years, a large number of them have been bored in states east of the Appalachian Mountains and many cities now obtain their supply of water from them. They are also used extensively for irrigation. Some wells are very deep. One in Pittsburgh, Pa., is 4,625 feet and one in Galveston, Texas is over 3000 feet deppt. The deepest well in the world, at Leipzig, Germany, has a depth of 5735 feet. --- THE WORLD BOOK---“ “When several wells are bored in the same vicinity, the flow from each may be diminished, but the total discharge will increase until the limits of supply is reached. This well illustrated in the wells bored in the London basin which in 1838 gave a total daily supply of 6,000,000 gallons; in 1881 with a larger number of borings, the supply was about doubled while the force had diminished very markedly; also, in Denver, Colorado, where some years ago there were many flowing wells, which yielded water in large volume and with sufficient hear to rise to the upper floors of the buildings. As wells multiplied, the head and volume decreased so that in 1916 all wells in the center of the city had to be pumped and artesian water was available only in the lower parts of some of the surrounding country. The depth at which artesian water may be found, depends entirely upon local conditions. In the Paris basin the water bearing stratum is usually encountered at a depth exceeding 1500 feet. The famous well at Grenelle, near Paris was begun in 1833 and operations were continued until 1841, when, at a depth of 1797 feet, the water poured out with great force at the rate of 800,000 gallons per day. Another noted foreign well is that at Schladenbach near Leipzig with a depth of 5735 feet. In the United States, there are many notable examples of artesian wells. The first boring of great depth was made in St. Louis in 1849-54; a flow of 75 gallons per minute was obtained from a depth of 2200 feet. A well at Louisville Kentucky, in 2066 feet deep yields 330,000 gallons per day. Among other noteworthy wells are the following: Columbus, Ohio 2775 feet; Galveston, Texas, 3071 feet; Charleston, South Carolina, 1250 feet; Pittsburgh, Pa., 4625 feet; Chicago, 710 feet; and Edgemont, South Dakota, where two wells (2965 feet each) yield flows of 1,000,000 gallons a day at a temperature of 100°. The cost of sinking artesian wells varies with the depth mf and the character of the strata encountered. Up to 500 feet ex the cost commonly ranges from $3.00 to $6.00 per feet but below this limit the cost increases in proportion to the depth. The apparatus used in boring does not differ from that employed in sinking for petroleum. The first artesian borings were probably made by the Chinese. In the upper basin of the Yangtae Kiang there are wells 1500 to 3000 feet in depth from which brine for salt manufacture is obtained. This industry has been carried on since a very early period and is an illustration of the comparatively advanced state of progress attained by this people long before the Western nations had developed the mechanical arts beyond the crude stage. ---The Americana---“ View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_29_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking; Water wells
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a model frontier town from a collection of models for the Ohio State School for the Blind. The typical frontier town, a fortified town of log cabins, was similar to the Roman forts built in the wooded sections of North Europe. A formidable wall around the settlement was built from sharpened wooden posts. A blockhouse, usually built in a corner of the settlement, provided storage room and as a place of last defense. The corner placement of the blockhouse, allowed access to both the inside and outside for better defense. Firing platforms could be found in the corners of the palisades. A settlement, had to have a good water supply, or could not survive. The stream in the model was probably from a spring inside the town, since streams could be polluted and diverge from their courses. Model dimensions: length 24", width 30", height 6.5". Photograph is 4.5" x 7". Photographs and descriptions of models were included in the book "Models for the Blind," compiled by workers of the Ohio Writers' Program. The book was meant as a guide, to be used in the building and study of models, and as documentation of the achievements at the Ohio State School for the Blind. The models were a result of research, design and construction by employees of the Works Projects Administration. Models were made of durable materials to withstand regular usage. The average cost of labor for larger models was $45. A special room was built to store the models where teachers could borrow them to be used in classroom instruction. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F02_051_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)