Description: This photograph was taken by traveling photographer Albert J. Ewing, ca. 1896-1912. Like most of Ewing's work, it was likely taken in southeastern Ohio or central West Virginia. Born in 1870 in Washington County, Ohio, near Marietta, Ewing most likely began his photography career in the 1890s. The 1910 US Census and a 1912-1913 directory list him as a photographer. A negative signed "Ewing Brothers" and a picture with his younger brother, Frank, indicate that Frank may have joined the business. After 1916, directories list Albert as a salesman. He died in 1934. The Ewing Collection consists of 5,055 glass plate negatives, each individually housed and numbered. Additionally, the collection includes approximately 450 modern contact prints made from the glass plate negatives. Subjects include infants and young children, elderly people, families, school and religious groups, animals and rural scenes. In 1982, the Ohio Historical Society received the collection, still housed in the original dry plate negative boxes purchased by Albert J. Ewing. A selection of the original glass plate negatives were exhibited for the first time in 2013 at the Ohio Historical Center. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV71_b02_f143
Subjects: Ewing, Albert J. (1870-1934); Portrait photography--United States--History; Children
Places: Ohio; West Virginia
 

Description: This biface is a thick, roughly worked oval. It is made of gray and dark gray Wyandotte flint. On one face there is a significant amount of the weathered outer layer of the flint core, from which the point was made (cortex). The cortex is pale yellow in color. This piece comes from Hopewell Culture. In Ohio, the Hopewell Indians (100 B.C.-A.D. 500) built burial mounds and large earthen enclosures in geometric shapes (circles, squares, and octagons) to mark the places where the people gathered periodically to participate in many social and ceremonial events. Some of these sites were quite large - the Newark Earthworks complex extends over a 4-square-mile area. The Hopewell people also maintained a large trade network extending as far as the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, the Florida coast and Appalachians, and northern Lake Superior. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: A0283_000388_191
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400); Mound-builders; Tools, Prehistoric
 

Description: National colors of the 118th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02096
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
 

Description: Painting of national colors of the 20th Ohio volunteer Infantry. Text on flag reads: [?] [S] hilo[h] [?] Thompsons Hills, [?], Mechanicksville, [?], Baker Creek, [?], Big Sha[nty], [?], Siege Atlanta July 21st, 22nd , 27[?], Black [?], Big Saultkaha[?] View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02370
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
 

Description: This signal flag has two blue stripes with a red one in the center. The shape is rectangular and measures 75 by 70 cm. The flag was taken from the Shenandoah wreck. The Shenandoah was one of the first four rigid airships. It was torn apart during it's fifty seventh flight. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H75181_001
Subjects: Signal flags; Ceremonial artifact; Communication artifacts
 

Description: Letter from Emmett J. Scott to Colonel Charles Young promising to speak to the Secretary of War in regards to Colonel Young's forced retirement. Charles Young was the first African American to reach the rank of Colonel in the U.S. Army and, at the time of his death in 1922, was the highest-ranking African American officer in the Army. He is known for having been forced into retirement due to health concerns before the start of World War I and later riding from Wilberforce, Ohio, to Washington, D.C. to prove his physical fitness for duty. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: NAM_MSS3_B01F19_27
Subjects: African American soldiers; Military officers; African American men; Correspondence; Young, Charles, 1864-1922.
 

Description: This is a photograph of an illustration of the Campus Martius in Marietta, Ohio, located on the east side of the Muskingum River, upriver from its confluence with the Ohio River. Situated directly across the river from Fort Harmar, construction on the Campus Martius began in 1788 and was completed in 1791. It was home to Rufus Putnam, Benjamin Tupper, Arthur St. Clair, and other settlers during the Northwest Indian War. The Campus Martius site is now occupied by the Campus Martius Museum and is an Ohio History Connection site. The Rufus Putnam House, part of the original Campus, is enclosed in the museum. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F01_007_1
Subjects: Marietta (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Campus Martius (Marietta, Ohio); Forts & fortifications--1770-1800
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated November 12, 1936, this photograph shows the entrance to the Underground Railroad passages in the southwest corner inside the Calvary Methodist Episcopal Church, located on Seventh and Smith Streets in Cincinnati, Ohio. The church was constructed in 1869 and the parsonage in 1871. Although the church was built after the Civil War (1861-1865), the congregation believed slavery might return, and thus built underground tunnels that left from the church to the network of secret passageways in downtown Cincinnati, fully prepared to revive the Underground Railroad. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F16_002_1
Subjects: Underground Railroad--Ohio; Ohio History--Slavery, Anti-Slavery and Civil Rights; Churches; Cincinnati (Ohio)--History
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: The public Square of Cleveland as seen from West 6th Street as of 1852. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F11_22_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photo of the Ohio Guide books on sale at the James Book Store in Cincinnati, Ohio. The Ohio Guide was published as part of the American Guide Series, compiled by workers of the Writers' Program of the W.P.A., one of the federal programs from the 1930s. The James Book Store was located at 516 Main Street in Cincinnati, Ohio. Once the oldest bookstore west of the Alleghenies, it was owned by brothers Joseph A. James and Uriah P. James, who opened a book department in 1831 (and closed in 1854), in addition to their printing and publishing business. It is uncertain when the bookstore closed, but it seems to have been in business long after the book department closed. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F03_05_001
Subjects: Ohio--Guidebooks; American guide series
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Tug "Florida," Great Lakes Towing Co. Dist. 6 Files." This is a photograph of a Great Lakes Towing Company tugboat named "Florida" headed down the Maumee River in Toledo, Ohio. The Great Lakes Towing Company was founded in 1899 in Cleveland and provided vessel towing as well as marine salvage and ice breaking. It was so successful in 1913 it was charged with operating a monopoly. Today, the Great Lakes Towing Company’s headquarters remains in Cleveland and it is the last remaining tugboat operation in the Great Lakes region. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F11_028_001
Subjects: Tugboats; Maumee River (Ind. and Ohio); Cargo Ships; Toledo (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Toledo (Ohio); Lucas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This 29 page booklet contains the text of Governor James Cox’s message to the 84th General Assembly on January 3, 1921. Cox, a Democrat, was the first Ohio governor to serve three full terms; he held the position from 1913 to 1915 and again from1917 to 1921. Dedicated to progressivism, he led the legislature in enacting his proposals, which upheld progressive measures such as the direct primary, the initiative, and the referendum. In addition, Cox reformed the state administration as well as judicial and court procedures. His program also included social and humanitarian acts that improved, for example, mothers’ pensions and workers’ compensations. In his second administration, with the United States’ entrance into World War I, Cox worked to improve labor disputes and civilian morale. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Page1
Subjects: Presidents and Politics; Ohio Government; Governors
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio); Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)