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Bear canines with pearl inlays Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8416/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Canine bear teeth with pearl inlays from the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from Burial 35, Mound 25, Hopewell Group, Ross County, ca. 1922-1925. The object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection.
The Hopewell Mound Group, the type site for the Hopewell Culture, is located along the North Fork of Paint Creek in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio. When first surveyed in the mid-1800s the mound and earthwork complex, once referred to as the Clark Works, contained at least 38 mounds of various sizes within a 111-acre, somewhat “D”-shaped walled enclosure. An attached segmented square enclosed an additional 18 acres. The most notable mound in the group is referred to as Mound 25, a three-part conjoined mound that once measured 35 feet high by 500 feet long and 180 feet wide at the base. It was this mound more than any other that was the source of many of the iconic artifacts that defined the Hopewell Culture (100 BC-AD 400). The Hopewell Mound Group was extensively investigated in the early 1890s by Warren Moorehead to collect material for the 1892 World’s Columbian Exposition. This material is now housed in the Chicago Field Museum. In the 1920s Henry Shetrone of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) also did extensive field work there, assembling an impressive collection of materials for the museum. Today the Hopewell Mound Group and several other related Ross County earthwork complexes are overseen by the National Park Service as the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park. The Hopewell Mound Group is one of seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites presently under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00260
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00260
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Eagle effigy boatstone Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8418/full/,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Eagle effigy boatstone, constructed of pipestone and river pearl, from the Ohio Hopewell culture, Middle Woodland period, 200 BC-400 AD. Excavated from the Hopewell Group, Ross County, ca. 1922-1925. The object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection.
The Hopewell Mound Group, the type site for the Hopewell Culture, is located along the North Fork of Paint Creek in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio. When first surveyed in the mid-1800s the mound and earthwork complex, once referred to as the Clark Works, contained at least 38 mounds of various sizes within a 111-acre, somewhat “D”-shaped walled enclosure. An attached segmented square enclosed an additional 18 acres. The most notable mound in the group is referred to as Mound 25, a three-part conjoined mound that once measured 35 feet high by 500 feet long and 180 feet wide at the base. It was this mound more than any other that was the source of many of the iconic artifacts that defined the Hopewell Culture (100 BC-AD 400). The Hopewell Mound Group was extensively investigated in the early 1890s by Warren Moorehead to collect material for the 1892 World’s Columbian Exposition. This material is now housed in the Chicago Field Museum. In the 1920s Henry Shetrone of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) also did extensive field work there, assembling an impressive collection of materials for the museum. Today the Hopewell Mound Group and several other related Ross County earthwork complexes are overseen by the National Park Service as the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park. The Hopewell Mound Group is one of seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites presently under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00262
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00262
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
International Congress of Americanists at Fort Ancient Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/27509/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Photograph showing a group identified as "Americanists" at Fort Ancient, October 30, 1902. The International Congress of Americanists, made up of delegates from the leading states of Europe, and nearly all of the Countries of the Americas, held their biennial meeting in New York City, beginning October 22, 1902.
It was the expressed and almost universal desire of the delegates to this congress that they have an opportunity of visiting Fort Ancient, and negotiations between the Secretary of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, and Mr. M. H. Saville, the general secretary of the congress and Assistant Curator of the American Museum of Natural History of New York, resulted in the accomplishment of the wish of the members of the congress. By the action of the Trustees of the Ohio Society, the AMERICANISTS were made the guests of the Society at Fort Ancient, on Thursday, October 30, 1902. The train conveying the foreign party reached Columbus in the early morning of the date in question, and they were met and greeted by the following trustees and officers of the State Society: Gen. R. Brinkerhoff, G. F. Bareis, A. R. McIntire, M. D. Follett, H. A. Thompson, J. P. MacLean, C. L. Martzolff, B. F. Prince, C. P. Griffin, N. B C. Love, E. O. Randall, W. C. Mills and E. F. Wood. …
After a substantial lunch had been partaken of, an address of welcome was made to the guests by General Brinkerhoff, on the part of the Society, and remarks explanatory of the Fort were made by Professors J. P. MacLean and W. C. Mills. The entire grounds were then inspected, many of the party putting in much of their time in looking for relics …
The following is a list of the guests present at the Fort Ancient visit:
Edward H. Thompson, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
David Boyle, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Juan B. Ambrosetti, Buenos Ayres, Argentine Republic.
M. Gonzalez de la'Rosa, Paris, France.
Arthur Farwell, Boston, Mass.
Arthur M. J. Hirsh, Munich, Germany.
Waldemar Borgoras, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Alfred M. Tozzer, Peabody Museum, Cambridge.
Francisco Belmar, State of Oaxaca, Mexico.
Henri Pittier de Fabrega, Costa Rica.
Leon Lejeal, College of France, Paris.
Alfredo Gonzalez, Mexico.
Chevalier L. C. van Panhuys, The Hague, Netherlands.
Prof. Eduard Seler, Berlin, Germany.
Juan F. Ferraz, Costa Rica.
Mary Endora Lyon, Salem, Mass.
Mrs. Jessie Crellin Pepper, Newark, New Jersey.
Mrs. Annie Lyon Saville, New York City.
Mrs. Grace Hyde Trine, Oscawana-on-Hudson, N. Y.”
Among the folks in the picture are several of the most important archaeologists around at the time, including:
Frederic Ward Putnam, the “Father” of American Archaeology, who studied Serpent Mound and is responsible for its preservation.
Warren King Moorehead, the Ohio History Connection’s first Curator of Archaeology, did a lot of work at the Fort Ancient Earthworks and is largely responsible for its preservation
William C. Mills, the Ohio History Connection’s fourth Curator of Archaeology and later the Director
Gerard Fowke, worked with Moorehead and is the author of the Archaeological History of Ohio, published by the Ohio History Connection
Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past.
View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E9_003
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E9_003
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
Mica spearpoint Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8415/full/,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Spearpoint made of mica, from the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from the Edwin Harness Mound in Ross County, Ohio, ca. 1900-1915. The Hopewell people obtained mica from western North Carolina. Archeologists are not certain how they used mica cut outs. This object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection.
The Edwin Harness Mound was located south of Chillicothe in Liberty Township, Ross County, Ohio. It was the largest of the 14 mounds associated with the nearly 100-acre Liberty Earthworks, a complex dating to late in the Hopewell Period (post-A.D 300). In their 1840s survey, Squier and Davis described the mound as egg-shaped in plan (about 100 x 180 feet) with the larger end toward the north. It was measured at 20 feet high at the north end, sloping to 11 feet at the south end. Like many large Hopewell burial mounds in Ohio, the Harness Mound was repeatedly investigated throughout the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leading to the recovery of numerous burials and the a variety of related artifacts. The last fieldwork at the site took place in the 1970s in advance of the area being reclaimed for agricultural purposes. Archaeologists dug below the base level of the mound and discovered it had been constructed over the remains of two very large conjoined post structures, most likely ceremonial houses or perhaps a single great house. The houses each measured about 30 x 40 feet connected by a 10 x 10 foot passageway, reminiscent of how Hopewell earthworks in general were laid out. Additionally, numerous artifacts diagnostic of the Hopewell culture were recovered and radiocarbon dates ranging between A.D. 330 and A.D. 470 place the Edwin Harness Mound near the extreme end of the Hopewell sequence. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00259
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio;
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00259
Subjects: Edwin Harness Mound (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio;
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Two-headed snake effigy pipe photograph Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8417/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Two-headed snake effigy pipe carved from obsidian, from the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from Offering 1, Mound 17, Hopewell Group, Ross County, ca. 1922-1925. The object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection.
The Hopewell Mound Group, the type site for the Hopewell Culture, is located along the North Fork of Paint Creek in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio. When first surveyed in the mid-1800s the mound and earthwork complex, once referred to as the Clark Works, contained at least 38 mounds of various sizes within a 111-acre, somewhat “D”-shaped walled enclosure. An attached segmented square enclosed an additional 18 acres. The most notable mound in the group is referred to as Mound 25, a three-part conjoined mound that once measured 35 feet high by 500 feet long and 180 feet wide at the base. It was this mound more than any other that was the source of many of the iconic artifacts that defined the Hopewell Culture (100 BC-AD 400). The Hopewell Mound Group was extensively investigated in the early 1890s by Warren Moorehead to collect material for the 1892 World’s Columbian Exposition. This material is now housed in the Chicago Field Museum. In the 1920s Henry Shetrone of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) also did extensive field work there, assembling an impressive collection of materials for the museum. Today the Hopewell Mound Group and several other related Ross County earthwork complexes are overseen by the National Park Service as the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park. The Hopewell Mound Group is one of seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites presently under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00261
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Effigy pipes; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00261
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Effigy pipes; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Frog effigy pipe photograph Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8419/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Frog effigy pipe from the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from Esch Mound in Huron County, Ohio. The object is held in the Ohio Historical Society Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00263
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Huron County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00263
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Huron County (Ohio)
Bone awls photograph Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8420/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Awls made of bone from the Ohio Fort Ancient culture, 900 AD-1500 AD. Excavated from Feurt Mound in Scioto County, Ohio. These objects are held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00264
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00264
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Bone fish hook Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8421/full/,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Fish hook made of bone from the Fort Ancient culture, 900 AD-1500 AD. Excavated from the Feurt Village Site in Scioto County, Ohio, in 1940. The object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00265
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00265
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Bone bead necklace Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8423/full/,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Beaded necklace made of bone from the Fort Ancient culture, 900 AD-1500 AD. Excavated from the Feurt Village Site in Scioto County, Ohio, 1916. The object is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00267
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00267
Subjects: American Indians--Archaeology; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology--United States--History; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650);
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
Falcon cut-out Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8424/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Falcon-shaped cut-out made of copper by the Ohio Hopewell culture, Middle Woodland period, 200 BC-1 AD. Excavated from the Central Grave site at Mound City, Mound # 7, in Ross County, Ohio. The object is held by the National Park Service.
Mound City is a burial mound and earthwork complex located in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio. It is situated on the west bank of the Scioto River opposite the Hopeton Earthworks, a few miles north of Chillicothe. The site was constructed between approximately 100 BC and AD 400 by people of the Hopewell Culture and consists of 22 variously sized mounds surrounded a low, four-sided, earthen embankment that encloses about 13 acres. During World War I Mound City became part of an expansive army training facility called Camp Sherman. In an attempt to preserve as much of the site’s integrity as the army would allow, the mounds were flattened or truncated and camp buildings built over them and not intruded into them. Beginning in the 1920s, the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) funded restoration of the site and in 1923 the Mound City Group was elevated to the status of National Monument. Since 1992 Mound City has served as the focal point of the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park. Restoration lasted several years and was the beginning of the movement toward archaeology as a disciplined profession. One interesting aspect learned during the restoration process was that, for whatever reason, burials at Mound City were of a more egalitarian nature and not just of apparent high status as seen at other locations. The Mound City Group is one of seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites presently under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00268
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00268
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Copper stars photograph Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8425/full/600,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Stars made of copper attributed to the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. Excavated from Burial 12 at Mound City, Mound # 7, in Ross County, Ohio. These objects are held by the National Park Service.
Mound City is a burial mound and earthwork complex located in Union Township, Ross County, Ohio. It is situated on the west bank of the Scioto River opposite the Hopeton Earthworks, a few miles north of Chillicothe. The site was constructed between approximately 100 BC and AD 400 by people of the Hopewell Culture and consists of 22 variously sized mounds surrounded a low, four-sided, earthen embankment that encloses about 13 acres. During World War I Mound City became part of an expansive army training facility called Camp Sherman. In an attempt to preserve as much of the site’s integrity as the army would allow, the mounds were flattened or truncated and camp buildings built over them and not intruded into them. Beginning in the 1920s, the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection) funded restoration of the site and in 1923 the Mound City Group was elevated to the status of National Monument. Since 1992 Mound City has served as the focal point of the Hopewell Culture National Historic Park. Restoration lasted several years and was the beginning of the movement toward archaeology as a disciplined profession. One interesting aspect learned during the restoration process was that, for whatever reason, burials at Mound City were of a more egalitarian nature and not just of apparent high status as seen at other locations. The Mound City Group is one of seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites presently under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00269
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00269
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); Artifacts
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
Altar figurine Save
![](https://ohiomemory.org/digital/iiif/p267401coll32/8426/full/,600/0/default.jpg)
Description: Reconstruction of an original altar figurine from the Ohio Hopewell culture, 100 BC-500 AD. The original object was excavated from Altar # 1 at Turner Mound, in Hamilton County, Ohio. The reconstruction is held in the Ohio History Connection Archaeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00271
Subjects: Hamilton County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Hamilton County (Ohio)
Image ID: AL00271
Subjects: Hamilton County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Archaeology--United States--History; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Hamilton County (Ohio)