Description: This view of the garden pond of the Yugoslav Cultural Garden in Cleveland was taken by I.T. Frary. The garden consists of a circular fountain and pool in the center of a paved court. At the lower level is a natural amphitheater formed by trees. The Yugoslav population in Cleveland is largely represented by three ethnic groups: Croatians, Slovenes, and Serbs. Croatian immigration to Cleveland was largely due to the hostile political and economic conditions under Austria-Hungary and both royal and Communist Yugoslavia. Slovenes, a southern Slavic people, immigrated to Cleveland to find work, initially in the steel industry. Yugoslav immigrants were largely poor peasants and political refugees. Serbs arrived in Cleveland mainly before World War I and after World War II. The group consistently maintained a sense of strong ethnic identity and did not quickly assimilate into American culture. The Cleveland Cultural Gardens, located along East Boulevard and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, are landscaped gardens with statuary honoring Cleveland's ethnic groups. During the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in 1916, it was decided that similar sites should be prepared for each of the city's ethnic communities. The first of these gardens, the Hebrew garden, was established in 1926. On May 9, 1927 the city set aside areas of Rockefeller Park for future gardens. The Italian, German, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Ukrainian gardens were established in 1930; the Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Yugoslav gardens in 1934; and the American, Russian, Irish, Greek, and Syrian gardens in 1938. Romanian, Estonian, Afro-American, Chinese, Finnish, and Indian gardens have since been created. Planning and fundraising for each garden was undertaken within the ethnic communities, while the Cleveland Cultural Garden Federation (established in 1925) oversaw planning and coordinated various joint programs. The photographs were taken by Ihna Thayer Frary. The Ihna Thayer Frary Audiovisual Collection was given to the Ohio Historical Society by Mr. Frary in two sections. One was in March of 1963 and the remainder in May of 1965 by his sons, Dr. Spencer G. and Allen T. Frary following their father's death. I.T. Frary (1873-1965) was the publicity and membership secretary for the Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio. He taught for many years at the Cleveland Institute of Art and Western Reserve University's School of Architecture. He did much research of Ohio and American architecture and was the author of seven major works and numerous scholarly articles on architectural and art history. One of his major works was Early Homes of Ohio published in 1936. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3355_5837581_1
Subjects: Immigration and Ethnic Heritage; Architecture; Arts and Entertainment; Plants and Animals; Gardens; Sculptures, Yugoslav Americans
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Hebrew Cultural Garden, which was dedicated in 1926 in Cleveland, Ohio. The dedication coincided with the visit of poet Chime Nichimen Bialy. The garden symbolizes the Star of David. In the center of the garden is a marble fountain on seven marble pillars, representing the seven pillars of wisdom. The photograph is 2" x 2" (5.08 x 5.08 cm). The Cleveland Cultural Gardens, located along East Boulevard and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, are landscaped gardens with statuary honoring Cleveland's ethnic groups. During the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in 1916, it was decided that similar sites should be prepared for each of the city's ethnic communities. The first of these gardens, the Hebrew garden, was established in 1926. On May 9, 1927 the city set aside areas of Rockefeller Park for future gardens. The Italian, German, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Ukrainian gardens were established in 1930; the Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Yugoslav gardens in 1934; and the American, Russian, Irish, Greek, and Syrian gardens in 1938. Romanian, Estonian, Afro-American, Chinese, Finnish, and Indian gardens have since been created. Planning and fundraising for each garden was undertaken within the ethnic communities, while the Cleveland Cultural Garden Federation (established in 1925) oversaw planning and coordinated various joint programs. The Ihna Thayer Frary Audiovisual Collection was given to the Ohio Historical Society by Frary in two sections. One was in March of 1963 and the remainder in May of 1965 by his sons, Dr. Spencer G. and Allen T. Frary following their father's death. I.T. Frary (1873-1965) was the publicity and membership secretary for the Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio. He taught for many years at the Cleveland Institute of Art and Western Reserve University's School of Architecture. He did much research of Ohio and American architecture and was the author of seven major works and numerous scholarly articles on architectural and art history. One of his major works was Early Homes of Ohio published in 1936. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3356_5987235_001
Subjects: Immigration and Ethnic Heritage; Arts and Entertainment; Architecture; Plants and Animals; Gardens; Jews-United States
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Two photographs document prize-winning examples of victory gardens in the Ohio Oil Company's Better Yard and Garden contest during World War II. The photographs were printed in the pamphlet "Manual for Company-Employee Gardens" by the National Victory Garden Institute. The pamphlet is 38 pages long and measures 6" x 9" (15.24 x 22.86 cm). During World War II (1941-1945), many people supplemented the food they had available for personal use by planting vegetable gardens, both to support the war effort and due to food shortages and rationing. The gardens were promoted widely by the government and industry, and were known as "victory gardens" due to their importance to the war effort. Gardens were planted during World War I as well, but were called "war gardens" until the end of the war, when the term "victory garden" came into use. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3308_4561940_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; Business and Labor; Agriculture; Daily Life; World War II; Victory gardens
Places: Findlay (Ohio); Hancock County (Ohio); New York (New York)
 

Description: These two photographs show Cleveland's Ukrainian Cultural Garden, located on the west side of the lower boulevard, opposite the Greek Garden level. The garden consitss of brick and stone courts connected by paved walks to produce a richly formal effect in a background setting of varying shades of green. The entrance is to the left court through a stone and iron gateway bearing bronze plaques and portrait reliefs by Frank L. Jirouch, representing Bohdan Khmelnitsky (1593-1657), leader of a revolt against the Poles in 1614, and Mikhail Hrushevsky (1866-1934), a historian, teacher, and author. The garden features three bronze busts of famous Ukrainians-Ivan Franko (1856-1916), poet, patriot, and folklorist Volodimir the Great (956-1015), first Christian ruler of the Ukraine and Taras G. Shevchenko (1814-1861), poet, teacher, reformer, liberator of Serfs in Russia whose popular poems have won him the name of the Father of Ukrainian Literature. These three busts are the work of Alexander Archipenko, world-famous master of modern art and one of the founders of cubism, who was born in Kiev, the ancient capital of Ukraine. The Cleveland Cultural Gardens, located along East Boulevard and Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard, are landscaped gardens with statuary honoring Cleveland's ethnic groups. During the dedication of the Shakespeare Garden in 1916, it was decided that similar sites should be prepared for each of the city's ethnic communities. The first of these gardens, the Hebrew garden, was established in 1926. On May 9, 1927 the city set aside areas of Rockefeller Park for future gardens. The Italian, German, Lithuanian, Slovak, and Ukrainian gardens were established in 1930; the Polish, Hungarian, Czech, and Yugoslav gardens in 1934; and the American, Russian, Irish, Greek, and Syrian gardens in 1938. Romanian, Estonian, Afro-American, Chinese, Finnish, and Indian gardens have since been created. Planning and fundraising for each garden was undertaken within the ethnic communities, while the Cleveland Cultural Garden Federation (established in 1925) oversaw planning and coordinated various joint programs. The Ihna Thayer Frary Audiovisual Collection was given to the Ohio Historical Society by Mr. Frary in two sections. One was in March of 1963 and the remainder in May of 1965 by his sons, Dr. Spencer G. and Allen T. Frary following their father's death. I.T. Frary (1873-1965) was the publicity and membership secretary for the Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio. He taught for many years at the Cleveland Institute of Art and Western Reserve University's School of Architecture. He did much research of Ohio and American architecture and was the author of seven major works and numerous scholarly articles on architectural and art history. One of his major works was Early Homes of Ohio published in 1936. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3357_5987241_001
Subjects: Immigration and Ethnic Heritage; Arts and Entertainment; Architecture; Plants and Animals; Gardens; Ukrainian Americans; Sculptures
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph of a contour garden sponsored by the Firestone Corporation of Akron, Ohio, was taken around 1944. Many companies like Firestone supported the Victory Garden program during World War II by experimenting with the most efficient garden types. The photograph was printed in the pamphlet "Manual for Company-Employee Gardens" by the National Victory Garden Institute. The pamphlet is 38 long pages and measures 6" x 9" (15.24 x 22.86 cm). During World War II (1941-1945), many people supplemented the food they had available for personal use by planting vegetable gardens, both to support the war effort and due to food shortages and rationing. The gardens were promoted widely by the government and industry, and were known as "victory gardens" due to their importance to the war effort. Gardens were planted during World War I as well, but were called "war gardens" until the end of the war, when the term "victory garden" came into use. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3308_4561928_004
Subjects: Military Ohio; Business and Labor; Agriculture; World War II; Victory gardens
Places: Akron (Ohio); Summit County (Ohio); New York (New York)
 

Description: This photograph shows members of the Victory Garden Club of Columbus, Ohio, proudly displaying their harvest around 1944. The photograph was printed in the pamphlet "Manual for Company-Employee Gardens" by the National Victory Garden Institute. The pamphlet is 38 pages long and measures 6" x 9" (15.24 x 22.86 cm). During World War II (1941-1945), many people supplemented the food they had available for personal use by planting vegetable gardens, both to support the war effort and due to food shortages and rationing. The gardens were promoted widely by the government and industry, and were known as "victory gardens" due to their importance to the war effort. Gardens were planted during World War I as well, but were called "war gardens" until the end of the war, when the term "victory garden" came into use. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3308_4561934_002
Subjects: Military Ohio; Agriculture; Daily Life; World War II; Victory gardens; Societies and clubs
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio); New York (New York)
 

Description: Eight photographs document the Donald Gray Memorial Gardens in Cleveland, Ohio. Gray designed the Horticultural Gardens for the Great Lakes Exposition of 1936-1937. The gardens remained north of the Cleveland Municipal Stadium after the exposition and were named for Gray after his death. The garden did not survive the demolition of Memorial Stadium and the rebuilding of the Cleveland Browns Stadium in 1997. Donald A. Gray (1891-1939), landscape architect and designer, was born in Tyrone, Pennsylvania, the son of Charles G. and Rose (Williams) Gray. He graduated from Bucknell University in Pennsylvania and attended Harvard University, afterwards working briefly with Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., in the Olmsted Brothers firm in Brookline, Massachusetts, the premier landscape architect firm in America. Gray came to Cleveland in 1920, establishing a practice in landscape architecture and designing many private gardens and estates in Cleveland, the Heights, and outlying suburbs. In 1925 he traveled to England, studying the gardens of great houses there. He designed the landscaping for the development of Fairhill Road houses in 1931, making his own home there for several years. He designed the landscape for Forest Hill Park and some of the designs for the Cleveland Cultural Gardens in Rockefeller Park. Dedicated to "making a beautiful city of Cleveland," Gray worked on developing the Cleveland Garden Center with Mrs. William Gwinn Mather and Mrs. Charles. A. Otis. On 11 Jan. 1928, Gray married Florence Ball. They had 1 daughter, Virginia. Gray died in Cleveland and was buried in Highland Park Cemetery. The photographs were taken by Ihna Thayer Frary. The Ihna Thayer Frary Audiovisual Collection was given to the Ohio Historical Society by Mr. Frary in two sections. One was in March of 1963 and the remainder in May of 1965 by his sons, Dr. Spencer G. and Allen T. Frary following their father's death. I.T. Frary (1873-1965) was the publicity and membership secretary for the Museum of Art in Cleveland, Ohio. He taught for many years at the Cleveland Institute of Art and Western Reserve University's School of Architecture. He did much research of Ohio and American architecture and was the author of seven major works and numerous scholarly articles on architectural and art history. One of his major works was Early Homes of Ohio published in 1936. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3347_4834646_001
Subjects: Plants and Animals; Architecture; Stadiums; Gardens; Boats
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This poster, titled "Your Victory Garden Counts More Than Ever," encourages Americans to grow victory gardens during World War II. The poster measures 19" x 21" (48.26 x 53.34 cm). During World War II (1941-1945), many people supplemented the food they had available for personal use by planting vegetable gardens, both to support the war effort and due to food shortages and rationing. The gardens were promoted widely by the government and industry, and were known as "victory gardens" due to their importance to the war effort. Gardens were planted during World War I as well, but were called "war gardens" until the end of the war, when the term "victory garden" came into use. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3330_4692176_002
Subjects: Daily Life; Agriculture; Military Ohio; World War II; Victory gardens
Places: Ohio; Washington (District of Columbia)
 

Description: This poster, titled "Plant a Victory Garden: Our Food is Fighting ," encourages Americans to grow victory gardens during World War II. The poster measures 19" x 21" (48.26 x 53.34 cm). During World War II (1941-1945), many people supplemented the food they had available for personal use by planting vegetable gardens, both to support the war effort and due to food shortages and rationing. The gardens were promoted widely by the government and industry, and were known as "victory gardens" due to their importance to the war effort. Gardens were planted during World War I as well, but were called "war gardens" until the end of the war, when the term "victory garden" came into use. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3330_4692170_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; Agriculture; Daily Life; World War II; Victory gardens
Places: Ohio; Washington (District of Columbia)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Fleischmann Gardens, Cincinnati, Ohio" Fleischmann Gardens is located at 524 Forest Avenue, in the Avondale community of Cincinnati, Ohio. The features beautifully landscaped gardens feature largest ginkgo tree in the state and an evergreen maze. The Washington Avenue entrance is marked by ornamental iron gates topped with an old-fashioned gaslight fixture. On the site of the home of Charles Louis Fleischmann, co-founder (with his brother Maximilian) of the Fleischmann Yeast Company, the park was given to the city in 1925 by his heirs. An adjacent piece of land, owned by the Salvation Army, was purchased in 1976, making the park 4.4 acres in total. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F08_016_1
Subjects: Parks; Cincinnati (Ohio)--History; Gardens -- Ohio;
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Attached caption reads: "Project #16-31-825-220. Display booth at Food Show held at Cincinnati Zoological Gardens, from August 24 to September 7, 1936. Photo by W.P.A. Photographer, Federal Project No. 1. (Writers') District #16. 8-26-36. Cincinnati, Ohio." The sign in the photo reads: "WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION DISPLAY DISTRICT No16 Hamilton and Clermont Counties L.A. Gillet District Director" The Cincinnati Zoo is the second oldest zoo in the United States, having opened in 1875, and is located in the Avondale community. Initially occupying 65 acres, surrounding blocks and areas in nearby suburbs have been added to zoo property. Founded by Cincinnati native Jonathan Schoonover and designed by Theodor Fundeisen, it was originally named the Cincinnati Zoological Gardens. The largest exhibit of the zoo was it's collection of birds, with over four hundred. The rest of the collection was small, having only eight monkeys, two bear, three deer, six racoons, two elk, and one each of buffalo, hyena, tiger, alligator and elephant. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F06_048_001
Subjects: Works Progress Administration of Ohio (U.S.); Zoological gardens
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Two 8.5" by 11" (21.6 by 27.9 cm) image show Youngstown Sheet and Tube employees at work in the Depression Gardens. The company encouraged workers to create and maintain vegetable gardens as a means of self-sufficiency during the economic depression of the 1930s. Employees living in Buckeye Land Company housing (a subsidiary of Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company) were given the opportunity to apply for garden space for $2.00 per garden. For that price the company would plow, harrow, and lime the ground. Seed and fertilizer would be made available at low prices. Spaces were made available close to the Highview, Overlook and Blackburn neighborhoods. The mill is visible in the background in both images. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1628_1919951_012
Subjects: Business and Labor; Daily Life; Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Steel industry; Gardens; Gardening
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)