Description: Dated ca. 1935-1940, this photograph shows the tablet at the front entrance of the City Hall in Greenville, Ohio, which reads "Site of Fort Greene-Ville. The largest pioneer fort in Ohio, built in 1793 by General Anthony Wayne. Here in August 5, 1795, the Treaty was signed by which much of present Ohio was opened to White settlement." In August 1795, representatives from the Myaamia, Wyandotte, Shawnee, Lenape, Ottawa, Ojibwa, Potawatomi, Kickapoo, Kaskaskias, Eel River, and Weas signed the Treaty of Greenville. In signing the treaty, these tribes agreed to move to the northwestern part of what is now the State of Ohio. Championed as a treaty of friendship between Anglo-American settlers and American Indian tribes, the treaty forced tribal leaders to relinquish much of their land to Anglo-Americans. This is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_014_001
Subjects: City halls; Historic sites--Ohio; Public buildings; Treaty of Greenville; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: The caption on this photograph reads: "Baerd's Mill on Greenville Creek. Nearly 100 years old, on site of mill built by pioneer Major Adams." This identification is likely a mispelling of Bear's Mill, which still operates as a historic mill in Greenville run by the Friends of Bear's Mill. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_033_1
Subjects: Mills and mill-work -- Ohio; Greenville (Ohio); Food production; Grains;
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads; "View of North End of Broadway in 1858. Old Courthouse in Background." The modern city of Greenville stands on the site of Greene Ville Fort, built in 1793 by Anthony Wayne as a staging point for his 1794 campaigns against hostile Native Americans in the area. The modern city was founded in 1808 and by the turn of the twentieth century it was the main metropolitan center of Darke County. Most of the residents in Darke County, however, were farmers in the countryside surrounding Greenville. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_005_1
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Cityscapes; Buildings; Courthouses--Ohio--History.
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: This calumet, or ceremonial pipe, seen here in two views, was used at the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. Possibly crafted by a member of one of the tribes who were signatories on the treaty, it is made of red catlinite with inlaid metal designs and a carved wooden stem, and was one of several pipes smoked by participants over the course of solemnizing the treaty negotiations. General Anthony Wayne defeated the American Indian confederacy led by Blue Jacket at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. Abandoned by the British at Fort Miami, the American Indians agreed to a peace settlement. A year later, representatives from twelve tribes met at Greenville, in present-day Darke County, to negotiate with Wayne. Among the leaders were Little Turtle of the Miami, Tarhe of the Wyandot, and Blue Jacket and Black Hoof of the Shawnee. The treaty confined the American Indians to northwestern Ohio. Despite Wayne's hope that the treaty would hold "as long as the woods grow and waters run" American Indians were removed to the West by the mid-19th century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H39471_1
Subjects: American Indian history and society; Wayne, Anthony, 1745 - 1796; American Indian tribal leaders; Treaty of Greenville; Ohio History--Settlement and Early Statehood;
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio);
 

Description: Photograph of the Studabaker Schoolhouse. This was the first brick schoolhouse in Darke County and was built around 1840. The schoolhouse was built on the Abraham Studabaker homestead, who was the region’s leading pioneer, in modern-day Darke County (1808). The schoolhouse was in the Beehive School District #14. The property is currently maintained and owned by Fort Greeneville Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution and is on the National Register of Historical Places. Reverse reads: "-Schools Darke County Aug. 15, 1938 Greenville Ohio FIRST BRICK SCHOOLHOUSE in Darke County Photo: Federal Writers' Project, Dayton, Ohio." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F06_020_001
Subjects: Schools; Historic buildings;
Places: Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Typed on reverse: "Greenville Guide - Copied by F.W.P. Dayton, Ohio - June 21, 1938." This photograph shows drawings of various Native American artifact, such as tomahawks, and a peace pipe, copied from the Greenville Guide, Greenville, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_021_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Treaty of Greenville; American Indians in Ohio; Axes; Pipes (Smoking)
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Collected for use in the Ohio Guide, this photograph shows the aftermath of the Great Flood of 1913 in Greenville, Ohio, one of the many Ohio cities impacted by the flood, a result of several major rivers throughout central and eastern United States overflowing due to heavy rainfall from March 23-26. Once levees and flood walls failed, the Great Miami River flowed across western Ohio, killing nearly 430 people statewide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F07_011_1
Subjects: Photographs--History--20th century; Greenville (Ohio)--History; Great Miami River (Ohio); Floods; Natural disasters; Ohio Federal Writers' Project; Works Progress Administration
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest territory, fought with the Miami Indians on November 4, 1791, on the banks of the Wabash River. Lieutenant Colonel William Darke commanded the left wing of St. Clair's army and lead two successful bayonet charges against the natives, despite eventually losing the fight. The Battle of Wabash River, or as it would be known, St. Clair's Defeat, was the worst defeat of the United States Army at the hands of the Native Americans. The survivors retreated to Fort Jefferson, just south of what is now Greenville, Ohio. Greenville is located in Darke County, Ohio, named after William Darke. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_018
Subjects: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio); Drawings
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Typed on reverse: "Greenville Guide - Copied by F.W.P. Dayton, Ohio, June 21, 1938." The photograph reads: "Greenville Treaty Memorial Association. Greenville, Ohio." and shows an older version seal of the United States and a seal for George Washington - President 1798." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F05_020_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Treaty of Greenville
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: The gentleman in this photograph is setting concrete blocks at the stadium in City Park in Greenville, Ohio. Within the seven acres of City Park, there are seven fishing lakes, a swimming pool with a 150-foot water slide, an athletic field, nine tennis courts, 18 horseshoe courts, shuffle board courts, ten covered shelters and many more activities for the entire family. The park is located at 610 Harmon Drive in Greenville, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F09_008_001
Subjects: Greenville (Ohio); Construction; Parks
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Three photographs depict part of the commemoration in honor of the 150th anniversary of the Treaty of Greenville in August 1945. The first photograph shows the commemoration headquarters, housed in a 100-year-old cabin that was reconstructed in the Greenville town square. Several Ohio Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio Historical Society) board members can be seen in front of the cabin, from left to right: Harlow Lindley, secretary; A. C. Johnson, president; and Henry C. Shetrone, director. The Treaty of Greenville was displayed in the cabin August 1-3. Two soldiers can be seen guarding the treaty in the second image. Other events included a parade, an appreciation dinner for Howard Chandler Christy and the unveiling of the his painting "The Signing of the Treaty of Greene Ville." These photographs measure 5" by 7" (12.7 by 17.8 cm). The Treaty of Greenville is part of the collections of the National Archives. This event was the first time the document had been removed from the archives of the United States. The treaty bears not only the signatures and seals of General Wayne and the Indian chiefs but also includes the ratification of the United States Senate signed by President George Washington. Mrs. Elizabeth E. Hammer was the official custodian of the document. She accompanied the treaty on its journey from Washington D.C. to the headquarters of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society in Columbus, then to the office of Governor Frank J. Lausche, and then to the Sesquicentennial Celebration at Greenville. In 1795, the Treaty of Greenville ended the Indian Wars in Ohio. The American Indian confederacy led by Blue Jacket was defeated by General Anthony Wayne at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. Abandoned by the British at Fort Miami, the American Indians agreed to a peace settlement. A year later, representatives from twelve tribes met at Greenville, in present-day Darke County, to negotiate with Wayne. Among the leaders were Little Turtle of the Miamis, Tarhe of the Wyandots, and Blue Jacket and Black Hoof of the Shawnees. The treaty confined the American Indians to northwestern Ohio. Despite Wayne's hope that the treaty would hold "as long as the woods grow and waters run," American Indians were removed to the West by the mid-nineteenth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3213_3832005_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Ohio Government; Arts and Entertainment; Treaty of Greenville; Treaties; Celebrations; Soldiers; Guards; Anniversaries; Ohio Historical Society
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)
 

Description: Three photographs document events at the 1947 Treaty Camporee held in Greenville, Ohio. The first photograph was taken at the Altar of Peace, a monument built to commemorate the signing of the Treaty of Greenville in 1795. The second shows men reviewing the Treaty Camporee Pageant program. The reverse identifies various attendees as; standing, left to right: unidentified, John O. Marsh, Edwin C. Zepp, Fred D. Coppock, unidentified; seated, left to right: Mayor William Reed, Guy D. Hawley, Dr. F. C. Barr and E. L. Kohnle. The photographs measure 8" by 10" (20.32 by 25.4 cm). In 1795, the Treaty of Greenville ended the Indian Wars in Ohio. General Anthony Wayne defeated the American Indian confederacy led by Blue Jacket at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on August 20, 1794. Abandoned by the British at Fort Miami, the American Indians agreed to a peace settlement. A year later, representatives from twelve tribes met at Greenville, in present-day Darke County, to negotiate with Wayne. Among the leaders were Little Turtle of the Miamis, Tarhe of the Wyandots, and Blue Jacket and Black Hoof of the Shawnees. The treaty confined the American Indians to northwestern Ohio. Despite Wayne's hope that the treaty would hold "as long as the woods grow and waters run," American Indians were removed to the West by the mid-nineteenth century. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3212_3831979_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; American Indians in Ohio; Sports; Arts and Entertainment; Treaty of Greenville; Celebrations; Anniversaries
Places: Greenville (Ohio); Darke County (Ohio)