Description: This pipe in effigy (a likeness or representation) of a dog was excavated from Tremper Mound, a Hopewell culture site located five miles north of Portsmouth, Ohio, in Rush Township, Scioto County. The Hopewell People created the pipe in 100-200 AD. The dog is seated with its head pointed upward and mouth partially open. A narrow section of bowl (from top edge nearly to the bottom of bowl just behind dog's left shoulder) and the left forepaw have been restored. The effigy pipe measures approximately 1.5" x 3.5" x 1.25" (3.81 x 8.89 x 3.18 cm). This object is held in the Ohio Historical Society Archeology Collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: M00009
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Pipes (Smoking); Hopewell culture--Ohio--Scioto River Valley
Places: Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption: Prehistoric Mound at Marietta O. Photo of Conus mound taken between 1935-1943. The early residents of Marietta recognized the earthworks as an important cultural feature worthy of preservation. It is to their credit that as early as 1788 they enacted resolutions that set aside several of the largest mounds for continual preservation on public lands. Radiocarbon dates, internal mound structure, stone tools, and types of pottery uncovered indicate that at least some portions of the Marietta Earthworks were created by the Hopewell Culture, which flourished generally between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F01_070
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; Cemeteries--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology); Marietta (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a scenic picture of the Little Miami River and railroad tracks taken from Lookout Point in Fort Ancient in Warren County, Ohio. Fort Ancient is a collection of American Indian earthworks built by the Hopewell people located about 7 miles southeast of Lebanon, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F07_027_001
Subjects: Warren County (Ohio); Lebanon (Ohio); Fort Ancient (Ohio); Little Miami River (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Lebanon (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a picture of several earthworks at Fort Ancient near Lebanon, Ohio. Fort Ancient is a collection of American Indian earthworks, built by the Hopewell peoples, along the eastern shore of the Little Miami River. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F07_029_001
Subjects: Warren County (Ohio); Fort Ancient (Ohio); Earthworks (Archaeology); Mounds -- Ohio -- Warren County; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Lebanon (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fascinated by the Hopewell and Adena mounds, Ephraim Squier (1821-1887) befriended Edwin Davis, a specialist on the Ohio mounds, and assisted him in his research. In 1851, the two men wrote their findings in the first book ever published by the Smithsonian Institution, "Ancient Monuments of the Mississippi Valley." Squier became well-known and used his newfound popularity to become a prominent ambassador to Central and South American countries. One of his primary goals during his service was also to study prehistoric sites. Squier served in Guatemala, Peru, Nicaragua, and Honduras. He also continued to publish, including several works on the pre-Columbian peoples of the Americas. He died in 1887. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04037
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Archaeology--United States--History
 

Description: This photograph shows a group of men building a barn at Fort Ancient in Warren County, Ohio, in July 1936. A note on the photograph's reverse reads "Warren County, Ft. Ancient, Ohio. JULY 1936 / Building Barn and grading / A residence also to be built here." This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F07_048_001
Subjects: Barns; Construction; Fort Ancient (Ohio); Parks; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: This aerial photograph shows the Fort Ancient site in Warren County, Ohio, about seven miles southeast of Lebanon, Ohio. Fort Ancient is a large pre-historic settlement built by the Hopewell peoples who inhabited the 100 acre complex from the first century BCE to the 6th century CE. The purpose of the complex is unclear, but scholars suspect it may have been built for defensive or ceremonial purposes. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F07_050_001
Subjects: Aerial photography; Earthworks (Archaeology); American Indians; Works Progress Administration; Ohio Federal Writers' Project; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Ohio author John P. MacLean (1848-1939). MacLean was born in Franklin, Ohio, and is remembered as a Universalist minister, historian and archaeologist. In addition to writings on Scottish history and the Shakers, his work included the books "A Manual of the Antiquity of Man" (1877), "The Mound Builders" (1879) and "Mastodon, Mammoth and Man" (1880). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC3565_001
Subjects: Archaeology--United States--History; Mounds--Ohio River Valley; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Education;
Places: Franklin (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Ohio author John P. MacLean (1848-1939). MacLean was born in Franklin, Ohio, and is remembered as a Universalist minister, historian and archaeologist. In addition to writings on Scottish history and the Shakers, his work included the books "A Manual of the Antiquity of Man" (1877), "The Mound Builders" (1879) and "Mastodon, Mammoth and Man" (1880). View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC3565_002
Subjects: Archaeology--United States--History; Mounds--Ohio River Valley; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Education;
Places: Franklin (Ohio); Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photograph of the Great Gateway, the dividing mounds at the south end of the Isthmus, which separate the structure into the Old and New Forts. Fort Ancient contains more than 60 gateways in the walls, making it difficult to defend the site against enemies. Many stone graves mark the terrace on the east side of the Great Gateway. Fort Ancient features 18, 000 feet of earthen walls built 2, 000 years ago by American Indians who used the shoulder blades of deer, split elk antler, clam shell hoes and digging sticks to dig the dirt. They then carried the soil in baskets holding 35 to 40 pounds. Portions of the walls were used in conjunction with the sun and moon to provide a calendar system for the peoples. Reverse reads: “FORT ANCIENT-Gateway between the two Forts. Warren County, Ohio, July, 1936.” View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F04_047_001
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Archaeological Survey of the Hopewell Group of Prehistoric Earthworks. The map reads: "Archaeological survey of the Hopewell Group of Prehistoric earthworks. Ross County, Ohio. Field explorations by H. C. Shetrong 1922-1925. F. R. Jones - surveyor." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07922
Subjects: Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400); Chillicothe (Ohio)
Places: Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Fort Ancient features 18,000 feet of earthen walls built 2,000 years ago by American Indians who used the shoulder blades of deer, split elk antler, clam shell hoes and digging sticks to dig the dirt. They then carried the soil in baskets holding 35 to 40 pounds. Portions of these walls were used in conjunction with the sun and moon to provide a calendar system for these peoples. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F04_048_001
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Warren County (Ohio)