Description: Reverse reads: "Steubenville High School Band. Miller and Son 436 Market St., Steubenville, Ohio." This photograph shows the Steubenville High School marching band (ca. 1935-1940) standing on, presumably, the steps of the high school. Their are approximately 80 members of the band, who all wear uniforms and hold their instruments. There are two (possibly three) drum majors, and the director stands near the back. There are about 6 African-Americans in this band. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_026_001
Subjects: High schools--Ohio; Marching bands--United States; Steubenville (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works; Instruments; Bands (Music); Musicians--Ohio; Students; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: Handwritten on reverse: "Steubenville High School Orchestra. Miller and Son 436 Market St. Steubenville, Ohio." The photograph shows about 50 students which comprise the Steubenville High School orchestra. They stand on the steps of what is presumably the Steubenville High School and the address on the door is 408. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_044_001
Subjects: High schools--Ohio; Orchestras; Steubenville (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works; Instruments; Musicians--Ohio; Students; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: This most likely a photo of students at Ohio State School for the Blind. The Ohio State Institution for the Education of the Blind was established in April of 1837 and by July of 1837 began instruction in rented rooms. The first school building was built in 1839, and could accommodate sixty students.This photograph, ca. 1935-1943 shows the four story sandstone structure in the Second Roman style of architeture with a Mansard roof. It is located on the corner of Parsons Avenue, and East Main Street in Columbus, Ohio and first opened it's doors on May 21, 1874. The building has undergone several renovations, and once had a central tower reached an additional three stories, and pointed spires on the north and south ends. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F03_36_001
Subjects: Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Schools--Ohio; Students; Education; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: A sketchbook titled "Plant Descriptions and Field-Notes. Season of '87," arranged by William Werthner of Central High School in Dayton, Ohio, and kept by Paul Laurence Dunbar. The volume contains forms for recording and sketching buds, trees, flowers, and field notes including experiments, distribution of seed, color and fragrance, cross-fertilization, etc. An introductory "Suggestions" section offers recommendations of how and why to study botany, and many pages include poems and quotes from notable figures about the value and beauty of nature. Notes are presumed to have been written by Dunbar while he was a high school student at Central High School. This item was part of Paul Laurence Dunbar's personal library at the time of his death in 1906. Paul Laurence Dunbar, the son of formerly enslaved parents, was one of the first African Americans in the United States to gain prominence as a poet. He was a prolific writer of dialect poems, standard English poems, short stories, novels, librettos, plays, songs and essays. A native of Dayton, Dunbar attended high school with Wilbur and Orville Wright. His early literary work won the praise of notable literary and cultural figures such as James Whitcomb Riley, Frederick Douglass, and William Dean Howells. Dunbar travelled in the United States and to Europe to give readings of his work, but a worsening case of tuberculosis eventually limited his travels. He spent his last years living with his mother in Dayton, where he died in 1906 at the age of 33. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H89725_001
Subjects: Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 1872-1906; Botany; Plants; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Students -- Ohio;
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "PORTSMOUTH - Domestic Science Class of Sciotoville School, one of the basement rooms modernized by the W.P.A." This is a photograph of several students in a science class at Sciotoville School in Portsmouth, Ohio. Sciotoville School was built by the WPA in 1937-38. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F07_004_001
Subjects: Classrooms; Domestic science; Sciotoville (Portsmouth, Ohio); Schools--Ohio; Students; Teachers; Science--Study and teaching; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Portsmouth (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "IRONTON, O. IRONTON HIGH SCHOOL; Ident. - B-10 to Illinois National Picture Book 1/9/41; Location - Ironton, Ohio; Credit - courtesy of Gene Wyatt; Caption - School Lets Out, Ironton High School. This photo must be returned to Ohio Writers' Project, 8 E. Chestnut Street, Col. Ohio." Ironton High School was constructed in 1922 and demolished in 2007. The new school reuses parts of the old school, most notably preserving the arched entrance. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B12F07_001_001
Subjects: High schools--Ohio; School buildings--Ohio; Students; Lawrence County (Ohio)--History; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works; Arches; Education; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Ironton (Ohio); Lawrence County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photo of a student at the Ohio State School for the Blind feeling a scaled model of a building to build a mental image of the building. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F03_27_001
Subjects: Ohio State School for the Blind; Models; Schools--Ohio; Students; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photo features a student at the Ohio State School using her hands to explore a scaled model of a log cabin to build a mental image of the building. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_17_001
Subjects: Models; Schools--Ohio; Students; Log Cabins; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: A student at the Ohio State School for the Blind uses her hands to explore a model which features realistic representation of a bird’s nest, positioned in a tree branch, and a song sparrow held below. Positioned beside the model are domestic animal models that also incorporate touch in order to teach students what farm animals look like. Reverse reads: “Girl counting eggs in bird’s nest. In her hand is a song sparrow which is made life size in high relief for comparison.” View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_21_001
Subjects: Models; Schools--Ohio; Students; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Ohio State School for the Blind utilized models, like this one, to allow its students to perceive the shape of large buildings and landscapes they would otherwise be unable to experience. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_23_001
Subjects: Models; Schools--Ohio; Students; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Ohio State School for the Blind utilized models, like this one, to allow its students to perceive the shape of large buildings they would otherwise be unable to experience. Models of stagecoaches and covered wagons are seen being constructed in this photo. Attached document reads: In the time before railroad trains and automobiles were invented people traveled from one town to another in such a public conveyance as this coach. This particular type of coach was used as the trains are used today, a set rate was paid for every miles traveled. It was this coach that carried the early gold hunters across the great western prairies from Dodge City, Kansas, to San Francisco. These coaches all belonged to the Wells Fargo company who also owned and operated the Pony Express. One the inside of the coach six people could sit. This was considered the safest and most comfortable place to ride and was usually occupied by the women. On top, of course, was the driver who had the responsibility of the team of four or sometimes six horses. Usually there was at least one guard who rode with the driver, whose responsibility it was to see that bandits, both Indian and White did not molest the coach and its valuable cargo. The coaches were not as comfortable as they could have been. The seats were upholstered in leather, as a general rule, but the springs were made either of leather straps or very crude hand forged iron. It was difficult to turn the coach sharply or guide it very carefully since the body set on the axels and was not provided with wheel wells. These wheel wells were indentations in the body of such a cab which could have allow- ed the wheels to turn either to right or left much more freely. However, they were not to come for a considerable time as yet. So instead of having these wells, the axles were made very wide to enable the coach to turn more quickly. The passenger's belongings and freight were stowed in the little pen which is located on top of the cab. Additional freight could be fastened to a platform in the back of some of the coaches underneath the driver's seat. Of course, travel by this method was both dangerous and slow. The coach traveled only during the daytime, staying at wayside inns at night. The roads were poor, often only a patch across the plains. It was not particularly unusual to have a stage come into the town, the horses in full gallop, foam flecked and red eyed with fright. Often too they wrought the driver or guard or perhaps a passenger wounded or killed in an encounter with robbers or Indians. The passengers all went armed, as a matter of course, and often a running fight would take place with the lawless men of the plains. The days of Buffalo Bill Cody and the Wells Fargo Express were days of quick fortunes and quicker poverty, of a vast empire of gold and silver and rolling Oregon farms, a day which changed but did not entirely die with the coming of the Iron Horse. COVERED WAGON To understand the background and use of this wagon it will be necessary to go back to the days of immediately following the Revolutionary War. When General Washington dismissed his army and the war was truly over, the country was faced with a depression such as we have just witness in the last few years. This depression was caused by two things. In the first place the young country had no stable currency and the paper money which Congress issued rapidly became practically worthless. This fact added to the dumping of hundreds of soldiers backs onto the country means of supporting themselves. General Washington was actively concerned with the welfare of these men who had given so long and so loyally that the nation might be free. In the case where the men had ever owned anything in the way of homes, or farms, these had either been confiscated or ruined by the long years of neglect. What was to be done with these men and their families? After the purchase of the Louisiana Territory it was obvious that there was an enormous tract of very fertile and beautiful land waiting beyond the mountains for settlers. These settlers were not hard to find. They gathered their belongings and families and departed to new hope and a new life, after the horrors of the war, in a new home. The old soldiers remembered the wagons which had done such service in transporting ammunition during the war. They recalled that the conventional wagon of the day --- four wheels with removable bed resting on the axels --- had been converted into an ammunition conveyance by fastening hoopes of willow to the side of the bed so as to form a support for the canvas which made the roof. What could be more natural than that these men should adopt this same kind of wagon to carry their household effects and families over the mountains to their new homes. Countless stories could be told of the adventurers of the type of wagon which got its start then. Many times settlers in bands were attacked by Indians and all the members killed. Other times death met them in the form of disease or lack of food or water, but for every one who died many (the number is of course not known) lived to reach new homes, at first in Ohio, then choice sports further and further west, until the Pacific was reached. This wagon was the accepted means of conveyance for any who hoped to take his household with him. the method of locomotion varied with the person who drove and with the kind of territory through which the people were to travel. Sometimes mules were used, but more often oxen or horses did the heavy work of moving the cumberson and heavy wagons. The people who traveled in this uncomfortable conveyance were not, as may be suspected, the poorest and crudest in the country. There rests in the museum in Denver today definite proof of this. There is a tiny spinet (the ancestor of the modern day piano) which is built of beautiful rosewood, obviously expensive and probably imported from England. The story of this lovely piano is simple. It was found on a prairie not far from Denver by a band of settlers in the smoldering debris of what had once been a caravan of settlers. The people who had driven the oxen were all kead, killed by Indians, but the following band of settlers had been so close behind that they were able to come up before the fire had destroyed the wreckage of the wagons. Who owned that spinet and where they were going, no one knows. Wave upon wave of settlers continued to come despite the hardships and dangers and they came in their time proven covered wagons. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_25_001
Subjects: Models; Schools--Ohio; Students; Ohio State School for the Blind; Blind--Education--Ohio--Columbus; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph, from a year book dated from 1940, shows the Brilliant High School marching band standing outside. The tuba player in the center of the back row has been identified as James R. (Bob) Gilchrist. Brilliant High School was located at 2nd Street in Brilliant, Ohio, in Jefferson County, Ohio. In 1952, a new building was opened at 1004 3rd Street. In 1972, Brilliant High School merged with Smithfield High School, to become Buckeye North High School. Finally, in 1990, the three schools in the district merged together to form the Buckeye Local High School in Rayland, Ohio. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_024_001
Subjects: High school; Marching bands; Steubenville (Ohio); Musical instruments; Bands (Music)--Ohio; Students; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Brilliant (Ohio); Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)