Description: Handwritten on reverse: "Monument at Washington D.C." The Washington Monument is an obelisk near the west end of the National Mall in Washington, D.C., built to commemorate the first U.S. president, General George Washington. The monument, made of marble, granite, and sandstone, is both the world's tallest stone structure and the world's tallest obelisk, standing 555 feet 5⅛ inches. There are taller monumental columns, but they are neither all stone nor true obelisks. It is also the tallest structure in Washington D.C.. It was designed by Robert Mills, an architect of the 1840s. The actual construction of the monument began in 1848 but was not completed until 1884, almost 30 years after the architect's death. The cornerstone was laid on July 4, 1848; the capstone was set on December 6, 1884, and the completed monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885. It officially opened October 9, 1888. Upon completion, it became the world's tallest structure, a title previously held by the Cologne Cathedral. The monument held this designation until 1889, when the Eiffel Tower was completed in Paris, France. The monument stands due east of the Reflecting Pool and the Lincoln Memorial. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_050_1
Subjects: Washington, D.C. Washington Monument; Mills, Robert, 1781-1855; Washington, George, 1732-1799
Places: Washington (District of Columbia)
 

Description: This is a portrait of William B. Hazen. William B. Hazen was born in West Hartford, Vermont on September 27, 1830. He moved to Ohio when he was three years old. He was a United States Army officer who served in the Indian Wars, the Union Army during the Civil War and served as a Chief Signal Officer with the U. S. Army. He died in Washington D. C. on January 10, 1887. The photograph was apparently taken by C. M. Bell, who was a photographer in Washington D. C. in the 1870's and 1880's. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06865
Subjects: Civil War 1861-1865; Military Ohio; Military officers; U.S. Army
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Red Jacket, Chief of the Wolf Clan of the Seneca Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Red Jacket, or Sagoyewatha, allied with the British and fought in the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783), and was nicknamed Red Jacket after the British honored him with an embroidered red jacket for his service. Red Jacket died in 1830. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v1_p005_RedJacket
Subjects: Seneca Tribe; Iroquois Confederacy; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian tribal leaders; American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Kiontwogky, also called Cornplanter or John O'Bail III (alternate spellings include O'Beel or Abeel), chief of the Seneca Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Around 1732, Cornplanter was born to a Gah-hon-no-nah, a Seneca woman, and Johannes Abeel Jr., a Dutch fur trader. Cornplanter fought in alliance with the British during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) and the Revolutionary War (1775-1783). He also served as a diplomat between the United States and American Indian nations after the Revolutionary War, participated in post-war negotiations, and signed the Treaty of Fort Stanwix in 1784. He replaced Red Jacket as chief in 1791. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v1_p174_KiOnTwogKy
Subjects: Seneca Tribe; Iroquois Confederacy; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian tribal leaders; American Revolutionary War (1775-1783)
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting titled "Chippeway Squaw" published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. This lithograph shows a Chippeway woman, or Ojibwe (alternate spellings include Chippewa and Ojibwa), carrying her baby on her back in a cradleboard. The term "squaw" is an English word borrowed from the Algonquian word for woman. However, "squaw" has historically been used in a diminutive manner or as a racial epithet for an American Indian woman. Today, and throughout its history of being used by non-native peoples, "squaw" is offensive for many American Indians. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v1_p198_ChippewaySquaw
Subjects: American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian women; Ohio Women; Mothers and children
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Lappawinsoe, chief of the Lenape (Delaware) Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Lappawinsoe is most commonly known for his involvement in the Walking Purchase Agreement, a treaty agreement between the Lenape and Thomas Penn, son of Pennsylvania colony's founder William Penn, in which the Lenape were unfairly forced to relinquish 1,200,000 acres of their land in 1737. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v1_p405_LapPaWinSoe
Subjects: Lenape (Delaware) Tribe; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indians in Ohio; American Indian tribal leaders
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Makataimeshekiakiak (or Makataimeshekiakiah), commonly referred to as Black Hawk, war chief of the Sauk Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Black Hawk (1767-1838) earned his title of war chief for his military success in leading warriors in raids and battles. He fought as a British ally in the War of 1812, and in 1832 famously led a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos across the Mississippi River into Illinois to resettle land that had been previously ceded to the United States, in what would be called Black Hawk's War, although it appears military confrontation may not have been his original intention. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v2_p059_MaKaTaiMeSheKiaKiah
Subjects: Sauk Tribe; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian tribal leaders; War of 1812
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Me Te A, chief of the Potawatomi Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Me Te A's village was on the St. Joseph River near modern Cedarville, Indiana. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v2_p207_MeTeA
Subjects: Potawatomi Tribe; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian tribal leaders
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Mohawk leader Joseph Brant, or Thayendanegea, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Joseph Brant (1743-1807) was born to Peter and Margaret (Owandah) Tehonwaghkwangearahkwa in the Ohio Country where they were traveling at the time, although sources differ as to the exact location of his birth. It is believed to have been either along the Cuyahoga River near present-day Cleveland, or at a point along the Ohio River or its headwaters. After his father's death, Brant's mother remarried a Mohawk sachem named Brant. Brant's father was good friends with the wealthy British Superintendent for Northern Indian Affairs, William Johnson, who later funded Joseph's education and connected Brant with important political leaders. Brant allied with the British during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) and the American Revolutionary War (1775-1783). Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v2_p214_Thayendanegea
Subjects: Mohawk Tribe; Iroquois Confederacy; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indian tribal leaders
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: 4 page letter by George B. Todd to his brother detailing his eyewitness account of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theater. The letter was dated April 15, 1865 and was written aboard the Civil War Monitor USS Montauk, Naval Yard, Washington D. C. The letter reads in part "Dear Bro. The few hours that have intervened since that most terrible tragedy of last night have served to give me a little clearer brain, and I believe I am now able to give you a clear account up to this hour... In the evening nearly all of us went to Ford's Theatre. I was very early, and got a seat very near the President's private box, as we heard he was to be there... About 10:25 P.M. a man came in, and walked slowly along the side on which the "Pres" box was and I heard a man say "there's Booth" and I turned my head to look at him. He was still walking very slow, and was near the (President's) box door when he stopped, took a card from his pocket, wrote something on it, and gave it to the usher, who took it to the box. In a minute the door was opened and he walked in- No sooner had the door closed, than I heard the report of a pistol, and on the instant, Booth jumped out of the box onto the stage, holding in his hand a large knife, and shouted so as to be heard all over the house, 'Sic Semper Tyranus" ("so always with tyrants") and fled behind the scenes-- I attempted to get to the box, but I could not, and in an instant the cry was raised "The President is assasinated"... View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: GeorgeB.Toddlettertohisbrother,page1of4
Subjects: Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Pictorial works; Presidents--Death and burial; Assassinations
Places: Washington D. C.
 

Description: This World War II poster shows a United States Navy sailor in a tattered uniform, raising a clenched fist above him, with an image of the bombing of Pearl Harbor below. At the center of the poster is the message "Avenge December 7," which was the date on which Japanese air forces attacked the U.S. Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. This poster is number 15 commissioned by the United States Office of War Information (O.W.I.). A note at the bottom reads "Additional copies may be obtained upon request from the Division of Public Inquiries, Office of War Information, Washington D.C." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Series_2829_F28_05
Subjects: World War II; War posters; Propaganda; Pearl Harbor, Attack on (Hawaii : 1941)
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: This World War II poster shows a photograph of Nazi officers burning books with German civilians doing the Hitler salute in the background, with the message "Ten years go: the Nazis burned these books" at the top and "...but free Americans CAN STILL READ THEM" at the bottom. This is poster number 66 commissioned by the United States Office of War Information (OWI). A note at the bottom reads "Additional copies may be obtained upon request from the Division of Public Inquiries, Office of War Information, Washington D.C." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Series_2829_F12_12
Subjects: World War II; War posters; Propaganda; Censorship
Places: Washington D.C.