Description: 1862 Carte de visite of General McClellan posed with his hand inside his uniform jacket. McClellan was a prominent 19th century American military and political leader, born December 3, 1826, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In 1842, McClellan received an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. He graduated in 1846, ranking second in his class. McClellan resigned his army commission in 1857 to become involved in the railroad industry, and using his training in engineering from West Point, he served as an engineer for the Ohio & Mississippi Railroad and the Illinois Central Railroad. During this time, he lived primarily in Cincinnati, Ohio. With the beginning of the American Civil War in April 1861, McClellan reenlisted in the United States Army and played an important role in Ohio's early defense. Early in the war, General McClellan enhanced his reputation as a skillful military leader and was appointed as commander of the Army of the Potomac by President Abraham Lincoln. But after his unsuccessful assault on Richmond, Virginia, and his failure to defeat General Lee’s forces in the Battle of Antietam, Lincoln removed McClellan from his command in November 1862. McClellan never received another military command and later became one of Lincoln’s chief critics. In 1864, the Democratic Party selected McClellan as its presidential candidate to oppose Lincoln’s reelection, but Lincoln won the election by an overwhelming margin. McClellan resigned his commission in the United States Army and later became the governor of New Jersey from 1878 to 1881. He died on October 29, 1885. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC3535_E1_01_01
Subjects: McClellan, George Brinton, 1826-1885; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Generals; Military officers
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Helen Venskus, one of the first female tower operators at Port Columbus Airport, 1959. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00136
Subjects: Columbus (Ohio); Multicultural Ohio--Ohio Women; Airports;
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reproduction of photograph depicting Ron Rosser with President Harry Truman and another soldier at the ceremony where Truman presented Rosser with the Congressional Medal of Honor, ca. 1952 - 1953. Rosser was a corporal with the Heavy Mortar Unit, 38th Infantry Regiment, 2nd Infantry Division, United States Army. During service in the Korean War he received the Congressional Medal of Honor for his single handed attack on enemy bunkers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00919
Subjects: Medal of Honor; Ohio History--Military Ohio
Places: Washington (District of Columbia)
 

Description: Dated September 19, 1936, this photograph shows women and children, members of the parent education program at Butler County Emergency School, posing for a portrait outside. Butler County Emergency School was a Works Progress Administration program at Miami University in Oxford, Ohio. The photograph's caption reads "Butler County, R.R. #I, Middletown, O. at Rolling Mill Park. Parent Education, child study, and good citizenship. Miss Helen Matson, Teacher. Butler Co. Emer. Schls." The Works Progress Administration (WPA) was a government office that hired unemployed Americans to work on various government projects from April 8, 1935 to June 30, 1943. In the first six months that the WPA existed, more than 173, 000 Ohioans, including both men and women, found employment through this program. More than 1, 500 unemployed teachers in Ohio found work through the WPA teaching illiterate adults how to read. In twelve separate counties, primarily in southeastern Ohio, more than twenty-five percent of families had at least one member working for the WPA during the late 1930s. By the end of 1938, these various workers had built or improved 12, 300 miles of roads and streets and constructed 636 public buildings, several hundred bridges, hundreds of athletic fields, and five fish hatcheries. WPA employees made improvements to thousands of more buildings, roads, and parks within Ohio. WPA artists also painted a number of murals in Ohio post offices. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F04_010_1
Subjects: Teachers; Education; Schools--Ohio; United States. Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Middletown (Ohio); Butler County (Oho)
 

Description: Original description reads: "Cincinnati- C+O bridge, West End." The C&O Railroad bridge was originally built between 1886 and 1889. By 1929 it was obsolete due to increasing weight of freight being transported, and a replacement was built immediately adjacent to the original structure. The original bridge was sold to the Commonwealth of Kentucky and retrofitted as an automobile bridge. In 1974 the original bridge was demolished, the northern pier was extended and the Clay Wade Bailey Bridge was built on the existing piers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F01_045_1
Subjects: Street photography; Bridges--Ohio River; Buildings--Ohio; Cincinnati (Ohio)
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photo of a student at the Ohio State School for the Blind touching a model of an artesian well to develop a mental image. The model incorporates pipes for the well and shows the different series of rock. Reverse reads: “ARTESIAN WELL – Artesian well is a well formed by boring or drilling into a layer of porous rock or earth, which brings water from some higher point. Such a layer or stratum lying between two impervious layers of rock or clay is shown in the model. The rain falls upon it, where it is exposed, and seems inward, prevented by the harder rock below from going directly down. If a well is bored at any point between outcropping ends, water will be forced into it, perhaps flowing freely at the surface according to the principles explained by the lower half of the model. The name artesian was formerly restricted to flowing wells, and is derived from the province of Artois, Frank, where this type of well was first popular. Most artesian wells supply pure drinking water, excellent for domestic purposes, and for stock, though often containing minerals. They are common in many regions, where surface water of good quality is not easily obtained. In recent years, a large number of them have been bored in states east of the Appalachian Mountains and many cities now obtain their supply of water from them. They are also used extensively for irrigation. Some wells are very deep. One in Pittsburgh, Pa., is 4,625 feet and one in Galveston, Texas is over 3000 feet deppt. The deepest well in the world, at Leipzig, Germany, has a depth of 5735 feet. --- THE WORLD BOOK---“ “When several wells are bored in the same vicinity, the flow from each may be diminished, but the total discharge will increase until the limits of supply is reached. This well illustrated in the wells bored in the London basin which in 1838 gave a total daily supply of 6,000,000 gallons; in 1881 with a larger number of borings, the supply was about doubled while the force had diminished very markedly; also, in Denver, Colorado, where some years ago there were many flowing wells, which yielded water in large volume and with sufficient hear to rise to the upper floors of the buildings. As wells multiplied, the head and volume decreased so that in 1916 all wells in the center of the city had to be pumped and artesian water was available only in the lower parts of some of the surrounding country. The depth at which artesian water may be found, depends entirely upon local conditions. In the Paris basin the water bearing stratum is usually encountered at a depth exceeding 1500 feet. The famous well at Grenelle, near Paris was begun in 1833 and operations were continued until 1841, when, at a depth of 1797 feet, the water poured out with great force at the rate of 800,000 gallons per day. Another noted foreign well is that at Schladenbach near Leipzig with a depth of 5735 feet. In the United States, there are many notable examples of artesian wells. The first boring of great depth was made in St. Louis in 1849-54; a flow of 75 gallons per minute was obtained from a depth of 2200 feet. A well at Louisville Kentucky, in 2066 feet deep yields 330,000 gallons per day. Among other noteworthy wells are the following: Columbus, Ohio 2775 feet; Galveston, Texas, 3071 feet; Charleston, South Carolina, 1250 feet; Pittsburgh, Pa., 4625 feet; Chicago, 710 feet; and Edgemont, South Dakota, where two wells (2965 feet each) yield flows of 1,000,000 gallons a day at a temperature of 100°. The cost of sinking artesian wells varies with the depth mf and the character of the strata encountered. Up to 500 feet ex the cost commonly ranges from $3.00 to $6.00 per feet but below this limit the cost increases in proportion to the depth. The apparatus used in boring does not differ from that employed in sinking for petroleum. The first artesian borings were probably made by the Chinese. In the upper basin of the Yangtae Kiang there are wells 1500 to 3000 feet in depth from which brine for salt manufacture is obtained. This industry has been carried on since a very early period and is an illustration of the comparatively advanced state of progress attained by this people long before the Western nations had developed the mechanical arts beyond the crude stage. ---The Americana---“ View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F04_29_001
Subjects: United States. Work Projects Administration; Blind--Education--Ohio; Ohio State School for the Blind; Models and modelmaking; Water wells
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse appears to read: "John W. Patterson Homestead HISTORIC HOUSES Dayton Ohio," but the home seen here actually belonged to John Henry Patterson. Several generations of Dayton’s influential Patterson family lived in this house from 1804 to 1904. Constructed between 1810 and 1850, it was originally the home of Revolutionary War veteran Colonel Robert Patterson and his wife, Elizabeth Lindsay Patterson. It was later home to John H. Patterson (1844-1922), a Dayton businessman who was the founder of the National Cash Register Company. Jefferson Patterson donated the house and its 8.5 acres to the City of Dayton in 1953, and it is now a site of Dayton History, Montgomery County’s official historical organization. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F06_035_001
Subjects: National Cash Register Company; Patterson, John H. (John Henry), 1844-1922; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works; Domestic architecture--Ohio--Dayton
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Richard Toler 515 Popland Cincinnati. O" Richard Toler was born in Virginia. He learned blacksmithing as a slave, and he earned his living as a blacksmith for 36 years after emancipation. Toler later became an accomplished fiddler, and wrote a well known slave narrative. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F07_003_001
Subjects: Toler, Richard; Slave narratives
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: American flag from the U.S.S. Columbus was manufactured in the United States by the Valley Forge Flag Manufacturing Company between 1960 and 1975. This red, white and blue nylon flag has fifty stars. The end of the flag is marked "Flag, Hall, USA / DSA 100-74-C1560 / 83 - 45- 656-1435 / 3'6" x 6 7 3/4."The dimensions of the rectangular flag are 107 by 203 cm. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H31040_001
Subjects: National Flag--United States; Textile--nylon; Stars and Stripes
 

Description: National colors of the 145th Infantry Regiment, 37th Infantry Division. Rectangular flag measures 132 cm high by 172 cm wide. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02236
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; World War, 1914-1918
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B03F432_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B05F0840_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)