Description: Caption reads: "Greene County - Wilberforce University, Oct. 20, 1936. Old power house to be demolished. Project not yet approved. Near Xenia, Ohio." Wilberforce University is located on US 42, three miles from Xenia, Ohio on land that at one time occupied the Tawawa Springs summer resort. In 1856, the Methodist Episcopal Church established Wilberforce University near Xenia, Ohio, to provide African American access to a college education. The university was the first private black college in the United States. Its founders named the institution after William Wilberforce, a prominent eighteenth-century abolitionist. A number of African-American Ohioans attended the school during its early years. During the American Civil War, attendance declined as many students enlisted in the Union army. Wilberforce University closed in 1862. In 1863, the African Methodist Episcopal Church acquired ownership of the university. Under the direction of Daniel Payne, a bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, John Mitchell, the principal of a school in Cincinnati, and James Shorter, an African Methodist Episcopal pastor from Zanesville, Ohio, Wilberforce reopened its doors. The institution operated as a private university serving the African-American community for the next twenty-four years. In 1887, the State of Ohio began to provide Wilberforce with funds to help finance the institution, brought to an end the university's exclusively private status. The state also helped the university create a Normal and Industrial Department that eventually evolved into Central State University. Wilberforce University has experienced steady growth throughout the twentieth century. During the last decades of the twentieth century, the institution built a new residence hall, a student health center, a recreation and sports facility, and an administrative center. The university offers more than twenty degree programs and has exchange programs with universities around the world. In 2003, enrollment was more than 1,200 students. Arson fire damaged some of the buildings in 1865 and tornado in destroyed much of the campus 1974. Below is a partial list of buildings that have been or are on campus: Galloway Hall - Built in 1905, as an impressive administration building and auditorium. It was destroyed by a tornado in 1974 and was rebuilt as part of the Central State University campus. The new building name is Galloway Alumni Tower. Bundy Hall (recitation building) – built 1917 Arnett Hall (girls dormitory and classrooms) - built 1901 Kenzia Emery Hall (girls dormitory) - built 1913 Shorter Hall (boys dormitory, classrooms and administration) – built 1867 (fire caused remodeling 1922) – survived 1974 tornado - demolished 1999 Carnegie Library - built 1907 (1909?) – survived 1974 tornado - National Register of Historic Places 2004 J.G. Mitchell Hall (boys dormitory and classrooms) - built 1891 S.T. Mitchell Hall (girls dormitory – Model home for senior girls) - built 1912 - Samuel T. Mitchell, President 1884-1900. Mitchell Hall, which once stood where Central State University's Hallie Q. Brown Library and Education Building stands today, was named for President Mitchell. O’Neill Hall (boys dormitory and classrooms – first of the state funded buildings) - built 1890 Model School - built 1889 Howell’s Hall - built 1900 Light, Heat and Power Plant – built 1904 Poindexter Hall (built for the printing and drawing departments) - built 1904 Mechanic Arts (built to house carpentry, blacksmithing and machine shops) – built 1914 Tawawa Hospital – built 1916 Beacom Gymnasium – built 1918 Charles Leander Hill Gymnasium – built 1958 - survived 1974 tornado Margaret Ireland Hall (girls dormitory) – built 1963 – destroyed 1974 Central State University In 1887, the Ohio General Assembly established a separate institution to be housed on the Wilberforce campus known as the Combined Normal and Industrial Department. The state-supported school was to focus on training blacks for work in industrial trades and as school teachers. Although the Combined Normal and Industrial Department imposed no restrictions on the race or sex of its students, it was understood that the Department was intended primarily to serve Ohio's African American community. For six decades the Department was administered as part of Wilberforce University. It was set apart, however, by having its own board of trustees which was responsible for administering the state funding of its activities. In 1941, the Department became the College of Education and established a four year program. In 1947 it was declared legally separate from Wilberforce. Although still sharing its campus with Wilberforce, the institution was now the College of Education and Industrial Arts at Wilberforce. In 1951 the Ohio State Legislature added a liberal arts program and renamed the institution Central State College. Former Wilberforce president Charles H. Wesley served as the first president of Central State from 1947 until 1965. Central State became a university in 1965. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F02_021_1
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Education; Universities and colleges; Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, Ohio; Central State University (Wilberforce, Ohio); Power-plants United States
Places: Wilberforce (Ohio); Greene County (Ohio)
 

Description: Original description reads: "South of the harbor along the Cuyahoga river." The Terminal Tower looms over downtown Cleveland in the background as cargo ships make use of the Cuyahoga River in the forefront. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F11_32_01
Subjects: Transportation--Cuyahoga River (Ohio); Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structure, etc.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Seen in this photo is an old water well. It may be near Franklinton. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B10F04_027_001
Subjects: Water wells
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Dist. 6 files. Jefferson County State Park. Shelter house on wooded section of lake bank. This print made by Nosset Studio, Steubenville, Ohio." Jefferson Lake State Park is located about 15 miles northwest of Steubenville at 501 Township Road 261A in Richmond, Ohio. Many different variety of fish can be caught in the lake. The park also offers many picnic spots, and several hiking and bridle trails. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_029_001
Subjects: State Parks--Ohio--Pictorial works. & reserves--Ohio--1930-1940; Lakes--Ohio
Places: Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: Preparing the soil for planting on a farm in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B06F02_031_1
Subjects: Ohio; Agriculture--Ohio--History.;
Places: Ohio
 

Description: National colors of the 147th Infantry Regiment, 37th Infantry Division. Rectangular flag measures 139 cm high by 176 cm wide. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02238
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; World War, 1914-1918
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B03F424_003
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B05F0844_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: Depicted here is a blast furnace at an unidentified location. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0031_B12F125_013
Subjects: Blast furnaces--Equipment and supplies; Blast furnaces--Design and construction; Steel industry and trade--Youngstown (Ohio); Blast furnaces--United States; Blast Furnace--Ohio; Blast Furnace--Pennsylvania
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts a paired set of Bessemer converters. The one on the right is being blown, and the one on the left is being filled. At the bottom, steel is being poured into ingot molds. Bessemer converters release oxygen gas through molten iron, which reacts with carbon and and other impurities to increase the quality of the steel, as well as producing a large flame. They were often operated paired, as depicted here, in order to increase output. One could be filled or emptied while the other was blown. This photograph belongs to the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Audiovisual Archives, so its subject is likely located at a Youngstown company plant. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B01F10_010
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Ingot molds; Bessemer furnaces; Steel industry
 

Description: This photograph depicts a worker pulling wire through conduit. "THE YOUNGSTOWN SHEET AND TUBE CO. - YOUNGSTOWN-BUCKEYE - YOUNGSTOWN, O." and "UNDERWRITERS' LABORATORIES - INSPECTED CONDUIT" are marked on the conduit. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B05F76_013
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Steel industry
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B02F236_01
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)