Description: Taken in 1971 by U.S. Army medic Charles Tweel, this photograph shows a river, probably the Perfume River, where Tweel and his men would go swimming after working at a MedCAP station. MedCAP, or Medical Civic Action Program, stations were established throughout Vietnam during the war by American medical staff to provide limited medical care to civilians. As a medic, Tweel spent some time at MedCAPs offering various services to local men, women, and children, particularly immunizations. This photograph is part of the Charles Tweel Collection (AV 324) at the Ohio History Connection. Charles Tweel grew up in Columbus, Ohio, and attended The Ohio State University. After graduation in 1968, he enlisted in the U.S. Army as a non-combatant, first training as a medic at Fort Sam Huston, followed by nine months of additional training at Valley Forge General Hospital in Phoenixville, Pennsylvania. He finished his training as a Specialist 3 and 91C, MOS, and went on to serve in Bamberg, Germany, with combat engineers for one year. In January 1971, Tweel served in Vietnam with the Headquarters and Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion (Air Mobile), 506th Infantry Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, based out of Camp Evans near Phu Bai, north of Hue, until December of that year. Tweel spent most of his service on various firebases as the medic in charge, and occasionally shared firebases with South Vietnamese soldiers. He also visited MedCAP stations (Medical Civic Action Programs) where he treated civilians. Tweel received the Bronze Star Medal for meritorious achievement, and was promoted to Specialist 5 in 1971. After discharge from the Army, he went to medical school and was in private practice as a family practitioner from 1979-2016, and now works part-time in inner city medical clinics in Columbus, Ohio, and Charleston, South Carolina. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV324_B01F09_034
Subjects: Vietnam War (1961-1975); United States. Army. Airborne Division, 101st; Rivers; Military life; Leisure
Places: Vietnam
 

Description: Photograph from the Columbus Citizen-Journal Collection captioned on its reverse as "Personnel at the Civil Defense Air Raid Filter Center, 33 W. Gay St." in Columbus, Ohio. The three men in the top row are identified as spotters, and include (left to right) Staff Sergeant Alfred B. Brown, Sergeant Donald E. Witt, and PFC Gene A. Cooper. The men below are identified as (left to right) Lieutenant James M. Diley, Lieutenant Granville F. Miller, Private John A. Fisher, Second Lieutenant Tony C. Lombardi, and Phillip D. Hertenstein, ADM Supervisor. Beginning during World War II and into the Cold War, civilians volunteered as observers in the Ground Observer Corps, part of the nation's civil defense framework. These volunteers would report aircraft sightings to regional filter centers, which were staffed by both volunteers and Air Force members who would plot positions and flight paths. Information was then relayed to air defense centers for evaluation and identification of threats. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P339_B17F01_15_01
Subjects: Civil Defense; Ohio History--State and Local Government; Cold War, 1945-1989; United States Air Force;
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: This 7 by 5 inch (17.8 by 12.7) photograph, which was taken in 1890, shows the Friends Meeting House in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, the first yearly meeting house west of the Alleghenies. The three-story brick building was completed in 1814 for the Ohio Yearly Meeting of the Society of Friends, whose members are known as Friends or Quakers. Members of five quarterly meetings in Pennsylvania, Ohio, and Indiana came together to worship and conduct business. The building's interior is dominated by a large auditorium with extensive galleries above. A retractable wooden partition divided the 2000-seat auditorium so that men and women could meet separately during some meetings. The building was in active use until 1909. It is now a state memorial and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om712_1008529_001
Subjects: Religion in Ohio; Quakers; Society of Friends; Religious facilities; National Register of Historic Places
Places: Mount Pleasant (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Van Wert County Courthouse dominates Van Wert's business district with its impressive facade composed of galvanized iron with pressed-zinc trimmings. Because the walls are made of pressed brick, the building is fireproof. Above the entrance is an 8 foot tall statue of Justice. It represents Second Empire style architecture. This image shows the building's front and side facades. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV101_B01F06_482
Subjects: Courthouses; National Register of Historic Places;
Places: Van Wert (Ohio); Van Wert County (Ohio); 101 E. Main St.
 

Description: Lima, Ohio airport; Neil Armstrong returning to his hometown of Wapakoneta, Ohio after NASA mission Gemini 8 View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV_203B2F1_009
Subjects: Armstrong, Neil, 1930-2012; Wapakoneta (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works
Places: Wapakoneta (Ohio); Auglaize County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows Zane Grey and his wife Dolly in field of flowers, 1906. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00491
Subjects: Authors; Popular culture
Places: Lackawaxen (Pennsylvania); Pike County (Pennsylvania)
 

Description: This grab bucket was made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio Dredging Company of Columbus used the grab bucket to dredge the Scioto River just west of downtown Columbus in 1906. On the opposite bank of the Scioto River is the Ohio Penitentiary. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01247
Subjects: Scioto River (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: The photograph shows an unknown abandoned coal mine entrance in Ohio. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F12_027_1
Subjects: Abandoned buildings--Pictorial works; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal miners; Geography and Natural Resources; Industries--Ohio; Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Caption reads: "'Unloading Ore at Cleveland'. Cleveland Cliff Iron Co., Docks, Lake Erie, west of the mouth of the Cuyahoga. District 4. Proj. Photog. - John Steinke, 1940." This photograph shows the cargo vessel 'Carle C. Conway' being unloaded using four Huletts in Cleveland, Ohio. The dock is located in on Whiskey Island, on the coast of Lake Erie, between the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Edgewater Park. The 'R. L. Agassiz', originally the 'William A. Hawgood' of 1907, became the 'Carle C. Conway' in 1934 and was broken up at Port Arthur in 1963. The words "National Steel Corporation" appears along the sides of the steamship. The Hulett automatic ore unloader was invented by George Hulett of Ohio in the late 1800s; he received a patent for his invention in 1898. The first working machine was built the following year at Conneaut Harbor in Conneaut, Ohio. It was successful, and many more were built along the Great Lakes, especially the southern shore of Lake Erie to unload boats full of taconite from the iron mines near Lake Superior. Substantial improvements were later made on the design by Samuel T. Wellman. It is these second-generation Huletts which continue to stand to this day. The electrically operated Hulett unloader runs on two sets of parallel tracks along the face of the docks, one near the edge and one further back, with normally enough distance for four sets of railroad tracks in between. Steel towers, riding on wheeled trucks, support girders that run from front to back, perpendicular to the dock face. Along these girders runs a carriage which can move toward or away from the dock face. This in turn carries a large walking beam which can be raised or lowered; at the dock end of this is a vertical column with a large scoop bucket on the end. A parallel beam is mounted half-way down this column to keep the column vertical as it is raised or lowered. The machine's operator, stationed in the vertical beam above the bucket for maximum cargo visibility, could spin the beam at any angle. The scoop bucket is thus lowered into the ship's hold, closed to capture a quantity (10 tons approx.) of ore, raised, and moved back toward the dock. The lake's Huletts were used until about 1992, when self-unloading boats were standard on the American side of the lake. Most, if not all, have since been scrapped. In 1999, only six remained, the group of four at Whiskey Island in Cleveland, Ohio the oldest. In spite of the Cleveland machines being on the National Register of Historic Places and designated as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, they were demolished in 2000 by the Cleveland Port Authority to enable development of the land they were located on. The Port Authority disassembled and retained two Huletts, to enable their reconstruction at another site, but the reconstruction has not yet happened. Cliffs Natural Resources, formerly Cleveland-Cliffs, is a Cleveland, Ohio business firm that specializes in the mining and beneficiation of iron ore and the mining of coal. The firm's earliest predecessor was the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, founded in 1847. Samuel Mather and six associates had learned of rich iron-ore deposits recently discovered in the highlands of the Upper Peninsula region of Michigan. The final decades of the 1800s were a period of business consolidation from the partnership-sized businesses of an earlier generation to a new type of business firm, the stock-market-traded corporation intent on maximizing market share. The former Cleveland Iron Mining Co. was a survivor of this shakeout, purchasing many of its competitors. One key merger in 1890, with Jeptha Wade's Cliffs Iron Company led the combined firm to change its name to the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. William G. Mather, the son of Samuel, guided Cleveland-Cliffs as president and later as chairman of the board during the period of 1890-1947. Under Mather, Cleveland-Cliffs was a leader in the development of the classic-type lake freighter, a bulk-cargo vessel especially designed to carry Great Lakes commodities. The 618-foot (188 m)-long William G. Mather, launched in 1925, is a surviving example of this ship type. For almost a century, the black-hulled Cleveland-Cliffs ships were familiar sights on the upper Lakes. In 1933, Edward Greene (the son-in-law of Jeptha Homer Wade II) replaced William G. Mather as the head of the company. Demand for American iron ore hit peaks during World War I, World War II, and the post-WWII consumer boom, and the company enjoyed success for many decades. The periods following the recessions of 1974-75 and 1981-83 were harsh ones for the iron ore industry. Cleveland-Cliffs shrank its operations, closing many of their plants and began turning the associated tailings ponds into compensatory wetlands for its other properties. In 1984, Cliffs withdrew from the Great Lakes shipping industry. In June 2007, Cleveland-Cliffs purchased its first domestic coal property. In line with its venture into coal, the company changed its name from Cleveland-Cliffs to Cliffs Natural Resources in October 2008. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_12_01
Subjects: Lake Erie; Shipping industry; Docks--Ohio--Cleveland; Lake steamers--Great Lakes (North America)--History; Shipping--Erie, Lake; Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company; Hulett iron-ore unloaders; National Register of Historic Places; Mather, Samuel, 1851-1931; Mather, William Gwinn, 1857-1951; Conway, Carle
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photographic montage shows East Main, St. Raphael Church and St. Raphael Church elementary School (formerly the old Post Office). The view of East Main is taken looking east, from the corner of North Limestone. The Bushnell Building, at the top, just right of center, was designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in the Renaissance Revival style for Asa S. Bushnell. Located at 14 East Main Street, it was built, in two phases; first in 1893 and again in 1903 and has three 3-story tall arches on the front of the brick building. The first floor was used by the First National Bank, founded by Bushnell, which later when on to become National City Bank. The fifth floor was used as a Masonic Temple and the rest of the building was used as office space. It was used as a department store for many years and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 with several other surrounding Main Street buildings (address' 6-14). Restoration work has begun to return the building to its original state. It is now being used as the Bushnell Banquet Center. The building at the top center is located at 4 West Main Street, on the corner of North Fountain Avenue. It was originally the Fairbanks Hotel and eventually became the National City Bank Building. The Fairbanks was erected on the site of the former Black's Opera House in 1906. Inside the hotel was the Fairbanks Theater, which could seat up to 16,000. Saint Raphael Church is located at 225 East High Street, at the corner of Spring Street, in Springfield. Designed by architect Charles A. Cregar, construction on this Gothic style brick building began in 1848. Construction on a very large addition began in 1892, and was officially completed with the dedication in 1898. This historic Roman Catholic church has a 184 foot tower, and a somewhat smaller one holding a 16,000 pound bell. The stained glass windows, created by Mayer of Munich, were designed in the twelfth-century manner. In 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. On the left side of the photograph is the round tower of the St. Raphael Church elementary school. This 3-story stone building, built in 1890, began as the United States Post Office with a construction cost of $150,000. Sometimes just called the United States Building, it was designed by Charles Creager in the Romanesque style. By 1898 the space had become inadequate and funding was received to begin renovations. An axillary station was established in the Crowell Publishing building until expansions were complete. A new Post Office was built in 1934 at 150 North Limestone, which is probably when the old Post Office became the Saint Raphael Church elementary school. Formerly located on the corner of East High and South Spring Streets, the building was demolished in the 1960s to create more room for Parish parking. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F13_008
Subjects: Springfield (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc; Churches--Ohio; Roman Catholic Church; Mayer & Co; Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge; Bushnell, Asa Smith, 1834-1904; Post office buildings Ohio; Catholic elementary schools--United State
Places: Springfield (Ohio); Clark County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company Plant was located on West High Street, between Wittenberg and Lowry Avenues in Springfield, Ohio and was one of the largest publishing houses in the world. John Crowell (1850 – 1921), a printer from Louisville, Kentucky, came to Springfield, Ohio in 1878 to edit Farm and Fireside magazine. He founded the company Mast, Crowell & and Kirkpatrick. By 1902 the company was publishing a number of magazines and was incorporated as The Crowell Publishing Company in 1906. Peter Fenelon Collier (1849-1909) began publishing in 1873, beginning with Roman Catholic books, Bibles, and the magazine ‘Collier’s Once a Week’. In 1895, the name was changed to ‘Collier’s Weekly’, which was purchased by Crowell publishing in 1919. P.F. Collier & Sons was taken over by Robert Collier when his father Peter died in 1909. Though the two companies worked together since 1919, they didn’t become Crowell Collier Publishing Company until 1939, having merged in 1934. They printed four nationally known magazines: Collier’s, Woman’s Home Companion, American Magazine and Country Home. Though having begun 1877 in a tiny one-room establishment with a simple hand press and evolving into a massive factory complex incorporating 7 buildings, including an 8-story plant covering an entire city block, the company began going downhill. The plant began dissolving in 1956 and the Springfield plant was sold in 1957. Crowell-Collier merged with Macmillan of New York in 1960 and in 1965 the name Crowell Collier & MacMillian began being used, though the titled was eventually changed to MacMillian, Inc. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F01_010_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Springfield; Publishers and publishing--Ohio--History; Crowell Publishing Company; P.F. Collier & Son Company; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. P.F. Collier & Son Corporation; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. Macmillan Company
Places: Springfield (Ohio); Clark County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of a group of children in nursery school in Newcomerstown, Ohio. Some children are playing on the floor and some are sitting in chairs behind them View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F01_007_001
Subjects: Nursery schools; Children; Nursery school facilities; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--Social life and customs; Education; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Newcomerstown (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)