Description: This grab bucket was made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. The Ohio Dredging Company of Columbus used the grab bucket to dredge the Scioto River just west of downtown Columbus in 1906. On the opposite bank of the Scioto River is the Ohio Penitentiary. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01247
Subjects: Scioto River (Ohio); Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Columbus (Ohio)
 

Description: The photograph shows an unknown abandoned coal mine entrance in Ohio. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B07F12_027_1
Subjects: Abandoned buildings--Pictorial works; Coal mines and mining--Ohio; Coal miners; Geography and Natural Resources; Industries--Ohio; Works Progress Administration of Ohio; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Caption reads: "'Unloading Ore at Cleveland'. Cleveland Cliff Iron Co., Docks, Lake Erie, west of the mouth of the Cuyahoga. District 4. Proj. Photog. - John Steinke, 1940." This photograph shows the cargo vessel 'Carle C. Conway' being unloaded using four Huletts in Cleveland, Ohio. The dock is located in on Whiskey Island, on the coast of Lake Erie, between the mouth of the Cuyahoga River and Edgewater Park. The 'R. L. Agassiz', originally the 'William A. Hawgood' of 1907, became the 'Carle C. Conway' in 1934 and was broken up at Port Arthur in 1963. The words "National Steel Corporation" appears along the sides of the steamship. The Hulett automatic ore unloader was invented by George Hulett of Ohio in the late 1800s; he received a patent for his invention in 1898. The first working machine was built the following year at Conneaut Harbor in Conneaut, Ohio. It was successful, and many more were built along the Great Lakes, especially the southern shore of Lake Erie to unload boats full of taconite from the iron mines near Lake Superior. Substantial improvements were later made on the design by Samuel T. Wellman. It is these second-generation Huletts which continue to stand to this day. The electrically operated Hulett unloader runs on two sets of parallel tracks along the face of the docks, one near the edge and one further back, with normally enough distance for four sets of railroad tracks in between. Steel towers, riding on wheeled trucks, support girders that run from front to back, perpendicular to the dock face. Along these girders runs a carriage which can move toward or away from the dock face. This in turn carries a large walking beam which can be raised or lowered; at the dock end of this is a vertical column with a large scoop bucket on the end. A parallel beam is mounted half-way down this column to keep the column vertical as it is raised or lowered. The machine's operator, stationed in the vertical beam above the bucket for maximum cargo visibility, could spin the beam at any angle. The scoop bucket is thus lowered into the ship's hold, closed to capture a quantity (10 tons approx.) of ore, raised, and moved back toward the dock. The lake's Huletts were used until about 1992, when self-unloading boats were standard on the American side of the lake. Most, if not all, have since been scrapped. In 1999, only six remained, the group of four at Whiskey Island in Cleveland, Ohio the oldest. In spite of the Cleveland machines being on the National Register of Historic Places and designated as a Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark, they were demolished in 2000 by the Cleveland Port Authority to enable development of the land they were located on. The Port Authority disassembled and retained two Huletts, to enable their reconstruction at another site, but the reconstruction has not yet happened. Cliffs Natural Resources, formerly Cleveland-Cliffs, is a Cleveland, Ohio business firm that specializes in the mining and beneficiation of iron ore and the mining of coal. The firm's earliest predecessor was the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, founded in 1847. Samuel Mather and six associates had learned of rich iron-ore deposits recently discovered in the highlands of the Upper Peninsula region of Michigan. The final decades of the 1800s were a period of business consolidation from the partnership-sized businesses of an earlier generation to a new type of business firm, the stock-market-traded corporation intent on maximizing market share. The former Cleveland Iron Mining Co. was a survivor of this shakeout, purchasing many of its competitors. One key merger in 1890, with Jeptha Wade's Cliffs Iron Company led the combined firm to change its name to the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. William G. Mather, the son of Samuel, guided Cleveland-Cliffs as president and later as chairman of the board during the period of 1890-1947. Under Mather, Cleveland-Cliffs was a leader in the development of the classic-type lake freighter, a bulk-cargo vessel especially designed to carry Great Lakes commodities. The 618-foot (188 m)-long William G. Mather, launched in 1925, is a surviving example of this ship type. For almost a century, the black-hulled Cleveland-Cliffs ships were familiar sights on the upper Lakes. In 1933, Edward Greene (the son-in-law of Jeptha Homer Wade II) replaced William G. Mather as the head of the company. Demand for American iron ore hit peaks during World War I, World War II, and the post-WWII consumer boom, and the company enjoyed success for many decades. The periods following the recessions of 1974-75 and 1981-83 were harsh ones for the iron ore industry. Cleveland-Cliffs shrank its operations, closing many of their plants and began turning the associated tailings ponds into compensatory wetlands for its other properties. In 1984, Cliffs withdrew from the Great Lakes shipping industry. In June 2007, Cleveland-Cliffs purchased its first domestic coal property. In line with its venture into coal, the company changed its name from Cleveland-Cliffs to Cliffs Natural Resources in October 2008. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_12_01
Subjects: Lake Erie; Shipping industry; Docks--Ohio--Cleveland; Lake steamers--Great Lakes (North America)--History; Shipping--Erie, Lake; Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company; Hulett iron-ore unloaders; National Register of Historic Places; Mather, Samuel, 1851-1931; Mather, William Gwinn, 1857-1951; Conway, Carle
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photographic montage shows East Main, St. Raphael Church and St. Raphael Church elementary School (formerly the old Post Office). The view of East Main is taken looking east, from the corner of North Limestone. The Bushnell Building, at the top, just right of center, was designed by Shepley, Rutan and Coolidge in the Renaissance Revival style for Asa S. Bushnell. Located at 14 East Main Street, it was built, in two phases; first in 1893 and again in 1903 and has three 3-story tall arches on the front of the brick building. The first floor was used by the First National Bank, founded by Bushnell, which later when on to become National City Bank. The fifth floor was used as a Masonic Temple and the rest of the building was used as office space. It was used as a department store for many years and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 with several other surrounding Main Street buildings (address' 6-14). Restoration work has begun to return the building to its original state. It is now being used as the Bushnell Banquet Center. The building at the top center is located at 4 West Main Street, on the corner of North Fountain Avenue. It was originally the Fairbanks Hotel and eventually became the National City Bank Building. The Fairbanks was erected on the site of the former Black's Opera House in 1906. Inside the hotel was the Fairbanks Theater, which could seat up to 16,000. Saint Raphael Church is located at 225 East High Street, at the corner of Spring Street, in Springfield. Designed by architect Charles A. Cregar, construction on this Gothic style brick building began in 1848. Construction on a very large addition began in 1892, and was officially completed with the dedication in 1898. This historic Roman Catholic church has a 184 foot tower, and a somewhat smaller one holding a 16,000 pound bell. The stained glass windows, created by Mayer of Munich, were designed in the twelfth-century manner. In 1976, it was added to the National Register of Historic Places. On the left side of the photograph is the round tower of the St. Raphael Church elementary school. This 3-story stone building, built in 1890, began as the United States Post Office with a construction cost of $150,000. Sometimes just called the United States Building, it was designed by Charles Creager in the Romanesque style. By 1898 the space had become inadequate and funding was received to begin renovations. An axillary station was established in the Crowell Publishing building until expansions were complete. A new Post Office was built in 1934 at 150 North Limestone, which is probably when the old Post Office became the Saint Raphael Church elementary school. Formerly located on the corner of East High and South Spring Streets, the building was demolished in the 1960s to create more room for Parish parking. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F13_008
Subjects: Springfield (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc; Churches--Ohio; Roman Catholic Church; Mayer & Co; Shepley, Rutan, and Coolidge; Bushnell, Asa Smith, 1834-1904; Post office buildings Ohio; Catholic elementary schools--United State
Places: Springfield (Ohio); Clark County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Crowell-Collier Publishing Company Plant was located on West High Street, between Wittenberg and Lowry Avenues in Springfield, Ohio and was one of the largest publishing houses in the world. John Crowell (1850 – 1921), a printer from Louisville, Kentucky, came to Springfield, Ohio in 1878 to edit Farm and Fireside magazine. He founded the company Mast, Crowell & and Kirkpatrick. By 1902 the company was publishing a number of magazines and was incorporated as The Crowell Publishing Company in 1906. Peter Fenelon Collier (1849-1909) began publishing in 1873, beginning with Roman Catholic books, Bibles, and the magazine ‘Collier’s Once a Week’. In 1895, the name was changed to ‘Collier’s Weekly’, which was purchased by Crowell publishing in 1919. P.F. Collier & Sons was taken over by Robert Collier when his father Peter died in 1909. Though the two companies worked together since 1919, they didn’t become Crowell Collier Publishing Company until 1939, having merged in 1934. They printed four nationally known magazines: Collier’s, Woman’s Home Companion, American Magazine and Country Home. Though having begun 1877 in a tiny one-room establishment with a simple hand press and evolving into a massive factory complex incorporating 7 buildings, including an 8-story plant covering an entire city block, the company began going downhill. The plant began dissolving in 1956 and the Springfield plant was sold in 1957. Crowell-Collier merged with Macmillan of New York in 1960 and in 1965 the name Crowell Collier & MacMillian began being used, though the titled was eventually changed to MacMillian, Inc. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F01_010_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Springfield; Publishers and publishing--Ohio--History; Crowell Publishing Company; P.F. Collier & Son Company; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. P.F. Collier & Son Corporation; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company; Crowell-Collier Publishing Company. Macmillan Company
Places: Springfield (Ohio); Clark County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a photograph of a group of children in nursery school in Newcomerstown, Ohio. Some children are playing on the floor and some are sitting in chairs behind them View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F01_007_001
Subjects: Nursery schools; Children; Nursery school facilities; Tuscarawas County (Ohio)--Social life and customs; Education; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Newcomerstown (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a portrait of Samuel Huntington (1765-1817) who was the third governor of Ohio, serving from 1808-1810. Huntington's term as governor was not without controversy. Although he himself was not targeted, the state legislature tried to impeach two other judges for decisions similar to the Rutherford v. M'Fadden case. These impeachment proceedings were ultimately unsuccessful. The two judges, Calvin Pease and George Tod, maintained their positions by a single vote each. The state capital was moved to Zanesville for a time, and there was continued debate over its permanent location. In addition, there was considerable unease about potential military conflict with Great Britain, which ultimately did occur with the War of 1812. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: OHS_3295_Huntington
Subjects: Ohio History--State and Local Government; Ohio--Governors--Portraits
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: National colors of the 24th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Text on flag reads: The 6th to the 24th Ohio; Shiloh, April [??]. The flag is largely disintegrated. It has not been cataloged in this collection. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01909
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865; Ohio Volunteer Infantry
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Painting of national colors of the 174th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02585
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B04F693_004
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: Dwight J. Perdue identification photograph from the files of the Republic Steel Corporation, Central Alloy District. The Central Alloy District consisted of two plants: one in Canton, Ohio, and one in Massillon, Ohio. Identification photographs were taken over a period of time and logged into the files as one batch on June 3, 1942. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B01F074_16
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Republic Steel Corporation -- Employees
Places: Ohio
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B05F0988_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)