Description: Caption reads: "River Traffic. Ore boat being towed up river from Superior Ave. bridge looking south. District #4, Cleveland, Ohio. Neg. File #215. Project Photographer: Frank Jaffa, 1940." Signs visible in this photograph include Huron Cement, Central National Bank (800 Superior Ave), Fries & Schuele, and Lederer Terminal. The CLEVELAND & BUFFALO TRANSIT CO. (C&B), a popular steamship line and later a trucking firm, was established by Morris A. Bradley in 1885 and incorporated in 1892, with Bradley as president. Passenger and freight service was initiated between Cleveland and Buffalo on the "State of Ohio" and the "State of New York," leaving Cleveland from the foot of St. Clair Ave, and in 1896, the "City of Buffalo" was added. The "City of Erie" replaced the "State of Ohio" in 1898, providing night service from Cleveland to Toledo. In 1914 Cedar Point and Put-in-Bay were added to the C&B route. As passenger service became increasingly popular, the luxurious "SEEANDBEE," a costly sidewheel passenger steamer, began regular trips between Cleveland and Buffalo in 1913. At that time, the C&B and the Detroit & Cleveland (D&C) line obtained a 50-year lease from Cleveland for property at the foot of 9th St. for $55,000. There the two companies built the E. 9th St. Pier and a new lake terminal, dedicated in 1915; in exchange, the city built a bridge over the E. 9th St. railroad tracks, paved the E. 9th St. approach, and provided a street railway to the pier.The destruction of the steamship "City of Buffalo" by fire in 1938, along with the Depression and increasing competition from trucks and railroads, caused the bankruptcy and liquidation of Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Co. in 1939. Their E. 9th St. Pier was transferred to the Lederer Terminal Warehouse Co., and both the "Goodtime" and the "City of Erie" steamers were sold for salvage. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_25_01
Subjects: Cleveland(Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Cuyahoga River (Ohio); Central National Bank; Steamships
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated 1937, this photograph shows a cemetery near West Milton, Ohio, in Miami County. The photograph's caption reads "Hoover Grave near W. Milton. Garland Road, 2 1/2 m N. W. of W Milton. Montgomery County." This could be West Branch Cemetery, located on Garland Road just west of West Milton, where many Hoovers are buried. West Milton was the home of the ancestors of Herbert Clark Hoover, 31st president of the United States. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_053_1
Subjects: Cemeteries; Tombstones; Montgomery County (Ohio)
Places: West Milton (Ohio); Miami County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Photo courtesy of National Cash Register Co. Dayton, Ohio. Final Inspection Dept." James Ritty invented the ‘mechanical money drawer’ in 1879, but it didn’t catch on until after John Patterson purchased the company from Ritty in 1884, for $6,500. Following the practice of the car works, he insisted on fine, accurate workmanship. He searched for artisans and drew them to Dayton with high wages. In 1886 Patterson built a new factory, located at 1400 Main Street in Dayton, Ohio. Originally designed by Frank Andrews the new National Cash Register Company Plant had walls of 80% glass supported by columns of brick-veneered steel. It was the first daylight factory building in America and set a new standard of working conditions and a created a new style of architecture. The company grew so large that its several buildings eventually totaled 51 acres of floor space. In 1906, Charles F. Kettering began working at the cash register plant, where he developed a quick-starting electric motor for cash register. Three years later, he quit the job to give him more time creating his next invention – the automobile self-starter During the World War NCR devoted a large part of its facilities to making precision tools used in war manufactures, and over the years, continued to grow and evolve. In 1968, employee John L. Janning invented liquid crystal displays (LCD), and in 1974, NCR commercialized bar-code scanners. AT&T aquired NCR in 1991, changed the name to AT&T Global Information Solutions (GIS) in 1994, and changed it back to NCR in 1996. In 2003, they were granted a patent for signature capture and they continue to succeed, concentrating their efforts on the software and services business. NCR’s corporate headquarters moved to Duluth, GA in 2009. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F01_024_001
Subjects: Industries--Ohio--Dayton; Business and Labor; Factories; Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; National Cash Register Company
Places: Dayton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "New Phila State Champs Basket Ball - recption returning home in New Phila O." The boys basketball team from New Philadelphia, Ohio won the state championship in 1940 in Division2/AA. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B14F01_022_001
Subjects: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio); Basketball
Places: New Philadelphia (Ohio); Tuscarawas County (Ohio)
 

Description: On January 31, 1810, the State of Ohio authorized the creation of Coshocton County. The county's name comes from the Delaware Indian word for "black bear town." The Delaware Indians' territory centered in modern-day Coshocton County until white settlement led the tribe to move further west in the years following the American Revolution. County residents began to prosper with completion of the Ohio and Erie Canal. Thanks to the canal, Coshocton became a major commercial center in eastern Ohio during the 1820s and 1830s. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F05_002_1
Subjects: Geology and Natural Resources; Rivers; Coshocton County (Ohio)--History.
Places: Coshocton County (Ohio)
 

Description: National colors of the 71st Ohio Veteran Volunteer Infantry. Text on flag reads: Shiloh, Apr. 6 & 7, 1862 Ft. Donelson, Aug. 25, 1862 Atlanta 71st Regt. Ohio Vet. Vols. I[nf]. Lovejoy Station. Franklin. [?] View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02026
Subjects: Flags--Ohio; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B03F516_011tif
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B03F496_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B05F1011_001
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: Ore yard and two blast furnaces ca. 1911 at Republic Steel Youngstown, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0012_B04F35_005
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel Industry; Blast furnaces--Equipment and supplies; Blast furnaces--Design and construction; Steel industry and trade--Youngstown (Ohio); Blast furnaces--United States
Places: Youngstown (Ohio); Mahoning County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Republic Steel Corporation Collection (MSS 192) consists of 13,000 black and white photographic negatives, 2,000 color photographic negatives, and many 35 mm slides which document Republic Steel Corporation’s main production facilities and its subsidiaries, 1941-1975. This collection also includes images of social events such as company picnics, award banquets, and dances. Founded in 1899, Republic Iron and Steel Company was a steel production company based in Youngstown, Ohio, and the result of a consolidation of 34 steel mills across the United States including the Mahoning Valley’s Brown Bonnell Iron Company, Andrews Brothers and Company, and Mahoning Iron Company. From 1927-1937, Republic Iron and Steel Company expanded its reach by acquiring a number of other companies such as Trumbull Steel Company in Warren, Ohio, and Central Alloy Steel Corporation in Canton, Ohio. With its expansion, Republic Iron and Steel Company became the third largest steel producer in the United States behind United States Steel Corporation and Bethlehem Steel Company, and changed its name to Republic Steel Corporation to reflect its new status. After the outbreak of World War II in 1941, the Corporation’s production increased by 33%. This increased production continued into the 1950s and 1960s as the company continued to be one of the leading developers of steel production technology. Due to a myriad of factors including decreased demand for steel from automobile manufacturers and imported foreign steel, steel sales declined and in 1984 the Republic Steel Corporation was purchased by LTV Corporation, which led to the closure of the Youngstown plant. LTV filed for bankruptcy in December 2000. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: YHC_MSS192_B01F110_03
Subjects: Republic Steel Corporation; Steel industry; Youngstown (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts men and women working behind their homes in Depression Relief Gardens, which were used by workers during the Great Deprssion to create opportunities for food and work. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AC2_YHCIL_MSS0140_B05F87_008
Subjects: Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company; Steel industry; Great Depression