Description: Large ungrooved stone ax, called a celt, that has side edges that are squared off. One edge is tapered and rounded and other edge was originally possibly squared. It is made of highly polished black cannel coal. Item was excavated from Hilltop Mound in Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07132
Subjects: Hilltop Mound (Scioto County, Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indian history and society; Tools; Adena culture
Places: Portsmouth (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Slate gorget is an elongated diamond shape with straight ends. The reverse side is flat and the upper surface is rounded. It has two holes centered in middle that were drilled from the underside, making them larger on the reverse than on the upper surface. Banding of slate runs roughly diagonally, with dark gray streaks on gray surface. Item was excavated from Ulrich Mound in Montgomery County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07137
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio--Montgomery County; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Tools; American Indian history and society; Adena culture
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Slate gorget is an elongated diamond shape with straight ends. The reverse side is flat and the upper surface is rounded. On the reverse are two holes centered in the middle that were not drilled all the way through to the upper surface. Banding in the slate is very muted, and the gorget is mainly a uniform dark reddish gray color. Item was excavated from Ulrich Mound in Montgomery County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07138
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio--Montgomery County; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Adena culture; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indian history and society; Tools
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Tablet is a bi-lobed (bow-tie-shaped) thick plate of light olive brown sandstone. The obverse face has an abstract bird incised. A cruder representation of the same design appears on the opposite side along with a deep curving groove that follows the curve of one edge and was probably used for sharpening bone tools. Item was found in Elk Township, Vinton County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07248
Subjects: Vinton County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Adena culture; Archaeology
Places: Elk Township (Ohio); Vinton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Slate pendant is gray and anchor-shaped. A single large hole was drilled in upper portion. The pendant is gray with dark gray bands on the lower portion. Item was found in Preble County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07280
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Adena culture; Archaeology
Places: Preble County (Ohio)
 

Description: Small, black, leaf-shaped flint biface is of the Cresap point type. It has a constricted base. The basal edge is convex. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07316
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Adena culture; Archaeology
 

Description: Scene depicting an Early Woodland/Adena (2800-2000 B.P.) gathering at a ceremonial earthwork in the Hocking River Valley. The Adena people of this period constructed circular earthen enclosures which were used as sites for ceremonies and social events. A hunter can be seen holding spears and an atlatl as he oversees the ceremony taking place, with Adena men and women performing a ritual using wolf skins. In the distance can be seen the encampment which would be constructed for use during ceremonial periods until participants returned to their home settlements in the region. The large enclosure seen here is modeled on similar earthworks along the Hocking River in Athens County, Ohio. This painting comes from the "Ancient Ohio" art series, a series of six artworks showing the major archaeological periods from Ohio history. Each painting in the series is based on extensive research and consultation with experts and American Indian scholars. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05217
Subjects: Adena culture; Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indian history and society; Earthworks (Art)--United States;
Places: Hocking River Valley; Ohio
 

Description: Copy of a map showing the "Stone Fort" at Glenford Fort, from "Archaeological History of Ohio: the Mound Builders and Later Indians" by Gerard Fowke (1902). Glenford Fort is located on a high bluff-like hill just south of the village of Glenford in Perry County, Ohio. The “fort’ is outlined by a mile long wall that follows the edge of the hilltop, enclosing about 40 acres. Located within the fort was a large stone mound that measured about 100 feet in diameter and 12-15 feet high. Unlike the earthen walls comprising other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, portions of the walls at Glenford Fort are made up almost entirely of stone cobbles gathered from exposed bedrock strata occurring at that elevation. At other locations the perimeter of the fort is defined by massive sections of bedrock split into long vertical gaps parallel with the bluff edge. These were further widened by glacial action, seeming to form natural passageways within the bedrock. Glenford Fort survives much as it looked to early surveyors thanks to the longtime ownership of a local family. The interior stone mound did not fare as well. In the 1980s it was excavated using less-than-professional standards, although work there did produce artifacts diagnostic of the Adena culture. This was backed by a radiocarbon date of 2220 +/- 50 bp or 270 B.C. As with other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, it more likely served as a ceremonial precinct than a defensive position. Glenford Fort is now owned and managed by the Perry County Soil & Water Conservation District with the support of the Arc of Appalachia and the Heartland Earthwork Conservancy View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E2_02
Subjects: Glenford Fort (Ohio); Adena culture--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology); Maps;
Places: Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of a topographic property map showing the Glenford Fort area, done by the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection). Glenford Fort is located on a high bluff-like hill just south of the village of Glenford in Perry County, Ohio. The “fort’ is outlined by a mile long wall that follows the edge of the hilltop, enclosing about 40 acres. Located within the fort was a large stone mound that measured about 100 feet in diameter and 12-15 feet high. Unlike the earthen walls comprising other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, portions of the walls at Glenford Fort are made up almost entirely of stone cobbles gathered from exposed bedrock strata occurring at that elevation. At other locations the perimeter of the fort is defined by massive sections of bedrock split into long vertical gaps parallel with the bluff edge. These were further widened by glacial action, seeming to form natural passageways within the bedrock. Glenford Fort survives much as it looked to early surveyors thanks to the longtime ownership of a local family. The interior stone mound did not fare as well. In the 1980s it was excavated using less-than-professional standards, although work there did produce artifacts diagnostic of the Adena culture. This was backed by a radiocarbon date of 2220 +/- 50 bp or 270 B.C. As with other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, it more likely served as a ceremonial precinct than a defensive position. Glenford Fort is now owned and managed by the Perry County Soil & Water Conservation District with the support of the Arc of Appalachia and the Heartland Earthwork Conservancy View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F04_E2_01
Subjects: Glenford Fort (Ohio); Adena culture--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology); Maps;
Places: Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing the Old Stone Fort Dining Room restaurant, believed to be near Glenford Fort in Perry County, Ohio. Glenford Fort is located on a high bluff-like hill just south of the village of Glenford in Perry County, Ohio. The “fort’ is outlined by a mile long wall that follows the edge of the hilltop, enclosing about 40 acres. Located within the fort was a large stone mound that measured about 100 feet in diameter and 12-15 feet high. Unlike the earthen walls comprising other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, portions of the walls at Glenford Fort are made up almost entirely of stone cobbles gathered from exposed bedrock strata occurring at that elevation. At other locations the perimeter of the fort is defined by massive sections of bedrock split into long vertical gaps parallel with the bluff edge. These were further widened by glacial action, seeming to form natural passageways within the bedrock. Glenford Fort survives much as it looked to early surveyors thanks to the longtime ownership of a local family. The interior stone mound did not fare as well. In the 1980s it was excavated using less-than-professional standards, although work there did produce artifacts diagnostic of the Adena culture. This was backed by a radiocarbon date of 2220 +/- 50 bp or 270 B.C. As with other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, it more likely served as a ceremonial precinct than a defensive position. Glenford Fort is now owned and managed by the Perry County Soil & Water Conservation District with the support of the Arc of Appalachia and the Heartland Earthwork Conservancy View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F04_004_002
Subjects: Restaurants--Ohio--History; Glenford Fort (Ohio); Adena culture--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology)
Places: Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Old Stone Fort Dining Room, believed to be near the Glenford Fort earthwork site in Perry County, Ohio. Glenford Fort is located on a high bluff-like hill just south of the village of Glenford in Perry County, Ohio. The “fort’ is outlined by a mile long wall that follows the edge of the hilltop, enclosing about 40 acres. Located within the fort was a large stone mound that measured about 100 feet in diameter and 12-15 feet high. Unlike the earthen walls comprising other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, portions of the walls at Glenford Fort are made up almost entirely of stone cobbles gathered from exposed bedrock strata occurring at that elevation. At other locations the perimeter of the fort is defined by massive sections of bedrock split into long vertical gaps parallel with the bluff edge. These were further widened by glacial action, seeming to form natural passageways within the bedrock. Glenford Fort survives much as it looked to early surveyors thanks to the longtime ownership of a local family. The interior stone mound did not fare as well. In the 1980s it was excavated using less-than-professional standards, although work there did produce artifacts diagnostic of the Adena culture. This was backed by a radiocarbon date of 2220 +/- 50 bp or 270 B.C. As with other hilltop enclosures in Ohio, it more likely served as a ceremonial precinct than a defensive position. Glenford Fort is now owned and managed by the Perry County Soil & Water Conservation District with the support of the Arc of Appalachia and the Heartland Earthwork Conservancy View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B15F04_004_001
Subjects: Restaurants--Ohio--History; Glenford Fort (Ohio); Adena culture--Ohio; Earthworks (Archaeology)
Places: Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph depicts the original Adena Mound in Chillicothe, Ohio before its excavation. In 1901, while Curator of Archaeology of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society (now the Ohio History Connection), William C. Mills excavated the Adena Mound. He and his team of workers discovered a number of artifacts in the mound, including copper bracelets and rings, slate gorgets, spear points made from Flint Ridge flint, and many bone and shell beads. The most remarkable artifact found in the Adena Mound was the Adena effigy pipe, also known as the Adena Man, which is now recognized as the state artifact of Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08568
Subjects: Adena culture--Ohio; Adena Mound; Mounds--Ohio--Ross County; Excavations (Archaeology)--Ohio
Places: Chillicothe (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)