Description: Photograph showing Floyd B. Chapman of Columbus, Ohio, at right, with a fellow serviceman identified as "PFC Gilkyson." Both are seen in military uniform, and handwriting on the back indicates that the photograph was taken in San Bernardino, California, on November 15, 1943. After receiving a Ph. D. at the Ohio State University and working for the Fish and Wildlife Service of the U.S. Department of the Interior, Chapman (1911-1984) was inducted into the Army Air Corps in November of 1942. He was stationed at various posts around the United States during World War II, as well as overseas in India and China. Following his military service, Chapman continued his career as a naturalist and field ecologist for the Ohio State Division of Conservation and Natural Resources and the Ohio Division of Wildlife. He also worked as resident ecologist at Malabar Farm and as horticulturist for Inniswood Garden Metro Park until his death in 1984. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: MSS1017AV_01_01
Subjects: World War II; Ohio History--Military Ohio; Natural resources--Ohio; Malabar Farm; Horticulture
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio); San Bernardino (California)
 

Description: Typed on reverse: "Sugar Beside the Road (Chardon, Geauga County, in the background). District 4, Cleveland, Ohio. Photographer E.P. Moody. March 1941." Maple syrup season begins in January, ending around April in Ohio and while trees are tapped all over the state, Geauga County has some of the state's best, and hosts the state's Maple Syrup Festival every spring. There was a time in Geauga County's history when nearly 80% of the landowners had their own sugarbush. A sugarbush is a group of maples trees, together with a sugar house. Traditionally, maple syrup was harvested by tapping a maple tree through the bark and into the wood, then letting the sap run into a bucket, which required daily collecting; less labor-intensive methods such as the use of continuous plastic pipelines have since superseded this, in all but cottage-scale production. It takes approximately 10 gallons of sap to be boiled down to 1 quart of syrup. A mature sugar maple produces about 40 liters of sap during the 4 to 6 week sugaring season under gravity, but can produce 20 or more gallons under vacuum. Trees are not tapped until they have a diameter of 10 inches at chest-height and the tree is at least 40 years old. If the tree is more than 18 inches it can be tapped twice on opposite sides. Once the sap is collected, it is taken to the sugar house and put into an evaporator to boil the sap to syrup. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F17_004_1
Subjects: Maple syrup; Food production; Natural resources--Ohio
Places: Chardon (Ohio); Geauga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Bone pin is a carved and highly polished deer cannon (leg) bone. The distal end is flattened like a spatula with a leaf-shaped point. The proximal end is the articular end of the bone, only slightly modified. There is a small band of incised Xs between two parallel lines. The bone is pale yellow and dark grayish brown in color. Item was found in Clay Township, Scioto County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07353
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); American Indian history and society; Tools; Bones
Places: Clay Township (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Granite Boulder, near Sunbury (Delaware Co)." Delaware County is home to the state's largest verified crystalline erratic, which was a popular tourist attraction in the 1930's. The large granite boulder is 22 feet long, 18 feet wide, and 8 feet high, with a circumference of 72 feet. The portion that is visible above ground weighs around 200 tons, while the area below ground is undetermined. The boulder is located one mile east of Sunbury, along Croton Road. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F10_001_1
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Boulders; Rocks
Places: Sunbury (Ohio); Delaware County (Ohio)
 

Description: This pipe in effigy (a likeness or representation) of a raccoon, made of gray and white mottled stone, was excavated from Tremper Mound, a Hopewell culture site located five miles north of Portsmouth in Scioto County. The effigy straddles the cylindrical bowl and the animal's legs are hanging down from the body, not flexed. The tail is out of proportion to the rest of the body as a means of additional support. The eyes are drilled; remnants of copper stain suggest they had been inset. The right margin of the bowl, the animal's right shoulder, and the platform have been restored. The effigy pipe measures approximately 1.5" x 3.5" x 1.25" (3.81 x 8.89 x 3.18 cm). This pipe is part of a large collection of pipes found at Tremper Mound. The pipes were carved of Ohio pipestone, a silica-based material that can be easily carved when freshly quarried from the hills east of the Scioto River. The pipes represent a variety of animals significant to the Hopewell, including owls, wolves, deer and beaver. Skilled Hopewell craftsmen carved the pipes with flint knives and some are embellished with pearls or copper. In Ohio, the Hopewell Indians (100 B.C.-A.D. 500) built burial mounds and large earthen enclosures in geometric shapes (circles, squares, and octagons) to mark the places where the people gathered periodically to participate in many social and ceremonial events. Some of these sites were quite large--the Newark Earthworks complex extends over a 4-square-mile area. The Hopewell people also maintained a large trade network extending as far as the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, the Florida coast and Appalachians, and northern Lake Superior. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1357_1136398_062
Subjects: American Indians in Ohio; Plants and Animals; Arts and Entertainment; Geography and Natural Resources; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400); Mounds (Burials); Pipes (Smoking); Raccoons
Places: Rush Township (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: In January and February of 1937, weeks of heavy rainfall caused the Ohio River to flood parts of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky, causing $500 million in property damages, and displacing and killing hundreds. By the end of January, the Ohio River measured 80 feet deep in Cincinnati, one of the areas most affected. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dispatched thousands of relief workers from the Works Progress Administration to rescue flood victims and restore affected cities. This photograph shows the Sohio gas station in Empire, Ohio, with the white mark on the door jam which marks the flood level. The mark is visible just right of center, between the farthest right window and the door of the building, near the top of the door frame. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_010_001
Subjects: Floods; Natural disasters; Ohio River; Works Progress Administration; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Empire (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: Corroded copper breast plate is roughly rectangular in shape with rounded corners and slightly inwardly-curving side edges. Top and bottom edges are fairly straight. There are two perforations 32 mm from top edge and centrally located, evenly spaced, 89 mm apart. There are possible textile fragments adhering to the reverse face. The corroded copper is dusky green in color. Item was found in Paxton Township, Ross County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07140
Subjects: Ross County (Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Hopewell culture--Ohio--Scioto River Valley; American Indian history and society
Places: Paxton Township (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Long, leaf-shaped flint point is of the Robbins type. The blade is reddish gray, while the stem is slightly lighter in color. Basal edge is very slightly convex. Item was excavated from the Clyde Jones Mound in Madison Township, Licking County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07414
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Arrows; American Indian history and society; Projectile points; Hunting; American Indians; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100)
Places: Madison Township (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Pipestone effigy pipe has a tall bowl with sides that curve outward and a wide, flat, flaring rim. Near the rim opposite the mouthpiece there is stylized effigy of what may be a bird looking forward. The bowl is set slightly forward on a flat, roughly rectangular platform. One corner of the platform is chipped. There is a ridge directly above and parallel to the hole for the pipe stem. The color is mainly dark red that is mottled with reddish yellow, pink and very dark gray. There are yellowish-brown deposits on the bowl. Item was excavated from Heinisch Mound in Portsmouth, Scioto County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07172
Subjects: Heinisch Mound (Scioto County, Ohio); Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; Archaeology; Intrusive Mound Culture (A.D. 500-900)
Places: Portsmouth (Ohio); Scioto County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads "Still standing at Huron is the old lighthouse, built in __ (see Huron Lighthouse)". Huron's lighthouses have served as beacons for Great Lakes shipping since the early nineteenth century. The first of three Huron lighthouses was built in 1835. Built of wood and ill-equipped to deal with strong Lake Erie winds, it was destroyed by a fierce storm in May 1854. This light house was fully enclosed and was erected in 1857. The current white, pyramidal lighthouse was constructed in 1936 when the pier was extended to a location three-quarters of a mile offshore. Part of the original concrete foundation and railing were incorporated into the current structure. It was one of the first Lake Erie lighthouses to provide an electrically powered beacon to aid maritime navigation. Its light can be seen over a twelve-mile radius. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F01A_018_1
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Lighthouses; Harbors
Places: Huron (Ohio); Erie County (Ohio)
 

Description: In January and February of 1937, weeks of heavy rainfall caused the Ohio River to flood parts of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and Kentucky, causing $500 million in property damages, and displacing and killing hundreds. By the end of January, the Ohio River measured 80 feet deep in Cincinnati, one of the areas most affected. President Franklin D. Roosevelt dispatched thousands of relief workers from the Works Progress Administration to rescue flood victims and restore affected cities. This photograph shows flood waters encroaching on the Pennsylvania Railroad bridge in Steubenville, Ohio, also referred to as the Steubenville Railroad Bridge or the Norfolk Southern Railway Bridge, and State Route 7 already submerged. In 1935, President Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B08F06_018_001
Subjects: Steubenville (Ohio)--History--Pictorial works; Floods; Natural disasters; Ohio River; Works Progress Administration; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: Steubenville (Ohio); Jefferson County (Ohio)
 

Description: A winding river bending alongside a hillside. Along the hillside appears to run a small country road. The river appears to have a small island in the middle of it. The river is surrounded by plentiful trees and vast fields. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B11F10_044_001
Subjects: Rivers--Ohio; Trees--Ohio--1930-1940; Valleys Ohio; Geography and Natural Resources; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Ohio