Description: This photograph shows a Zane Grey riding a horse in the Tonto region of Arizona. The bottom caption reads: "Z. G. ON DON CARLOS." The photograph belongs to the Zane Grey Photograph Collection. Grey was a popular and widely-read novelist of the American West. He was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on January 31, 1872, to Lewis Grey and Alice Josephine Zane Grey. As a teenager, Grey was an excellent baseball player. He won a baseball scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied to become a dentist. Once he left school and began his dental practice in New York, Grey realized that he was not happy. He decided to leave dentistry behind and become a writer. Grey's first novel, "Betty Zane," drew inspiration from the stories he had heard about frontier Ohio when he was growing up. He wrote "Betty Zane" in 1904 but was not able to find a publisher at first. Refusing to give up, Grey traveled west and continued writing. In 1910, he had his first success when Harper's Magazine published "The Heritage of the Desert." Two years later, Harper's published "Riders of the Purple Sage." Grey died unexpectedly of a heart attack on October 23, 1939. By the time of his death, he had written almost ninety books. Most of his books were Westerns, but he also wrote nine books that had a fishing theme. Grey also published many short stories, a biography of George Washington as a young man, and several stories for children. Some of Grey's other popular Western novels included "Spirit of the Border," "Desert Gold," "The Last Trail," "The Call of the Canyon," and "The Thundering Herd." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P49_B02F06_001_001
Subjects: Authors; Books; Grey, Zane, 1872-1939; Education; National parks & reserves
Places: Arizona
 

Description: This photograph shows author Zane Grey beneath Rainbow Bridge in Utah. Rainbow Bridge is also known as Nonnezoshe, or "rainbow turned to stone," a name given by the Paiute and Navajo people who lived nearby. The photograph belongs to the Zane Grey Photograph Collection. Grey was a popular and widely-read novelist of the American West. He was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on January 31, 1872, to Lewis Grey and Alice Josephine Zane Grey. As a teenager, Grey was an excellent baseball player. He won a baseball scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied to become a dentist. Once he left school and began his dental practice in New York, Grey realized that he was not happy. He decided to leave dentistry behind and become a writer. Grey's first novel, "Betty Zane" drew inspiration from the stories he had heard about frontier Ohio when he was growing up. He wrote "Betty Zane" in 1904 but was not able to find a publisher at first. Refusing to give up, Grey traveled west and continued writing. In 1910, he had his first success when Harper's Magazine published "The Heritage of the Desert." Two years later, Harper's published "Riders of the Purple Sage." Grey died unexpectedly of a heart attack on October 23, 1939. By the time of his death, he had written almost ninety books. Most of his books were Westerns, but he also wrote nine books that had a fishing theme. Grey also published many short stories, a biography of George Washington as a young man, and several stories for children. Some of Grey's other popular Western novels included "Spirit of the Border" "Desert Gold" "The Last Trail" "The Call of the Canyon" and "The Thundering Herd." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P49_B08F01_04_001
Subjects: Landscape photography; National parks & reserves; ; Authors, American--Ohio; Grey, Zane, 1872-1939;
Places: Rainbow Bridge (Utah)
 

Description: This watch fob belonged to Anthony Wayne. The fob would have been attached to a pocket watch and hung outside of the wearers' pocket, making the watch easier to remove. It is 5 inches (12.7 cm) long and 1 inch (2.54 cm) wide. Anthony Wayne (1745-1796) was born in Pennsylvania and gained distinction during the American Revolution. He was nicknamed "Mad" Anthony Wayne due to his sense of daring and impatience with restraint. After the war, Americans Indians dealt the military in the Northwest Territory humiliating defeats. Undisciplined militia troops were blamed, and George Washington appointed Wayne commander-in-chief of the newly created Legion of the United States. Under Wayne's command, troops were ruthlessly drilled and disciplined. After building several forts, Wayne's army defeated the Americans Indians at the pivotal Battle of Fallen Timbers. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1423_1533304_001
Subjects: Daily Life; Clocks & watches; Wayne, Anthony, 1745-1796
Places: Northwest Territory
 

Description: This image is an engraved portrait of Major Ebenezer Denny (1761-1882), Revolutionary War soldier and first mayor of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In this portrait, Denny is wearing a ruffled shirt and a high-collared waistcoat and coat. This engraving appears opposite the title page of his book "Military Journal of Major Ebenezer Denny, An Officer in the Revolutionary and Indian Wars" (1859), published in Philadelphia. Denny was born March 11, 1761, in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and joined the Continental Army in 1778. He witnessed the British surrender at the 1781 Siege of Yorktown (Yorktown, Virginia) and wrote a description of that event in his war journal. It is one of the most frequently quoted accounts of the event. After the Revolutionary War, Denny also witnessed two of the worst military defeats of U.S. military forces by American Indians: Harmar’s Campaign and St. Clair’s Defeat. Both events occurred in the Northwest Territory, in present-day Ohio. In fall 1790, Josiah Harmar, commander of the U.S. army in the Northwest Territory, was stationed at Fort Washington (present-day Cincinnati). He received orders from Secretary of War Henry Knox to end the threat of American Indian attack in western Ohio. Harmar marched from Fort Washington with 320 regular soldiers and roughly 1,100 militiamen, primarily from Pennsylvania and Kentucky. The militiamen were poorly trained and badly equipped, and the U.S. forces were soundly defeated in a series of battles with the American Indian forces led by Miami chief Mishikinakwa (Little Turtle). Following Harmar's defeat, native attacks against settlers increased. In 1791, Major-General Arthur St. Clair, governor of the Northwest Territory, led another campaign against the American Indian tribes in western Ohio, hoping to succeed where Harmar had failed. Lieutenant Ebenezer Denny was St. Clair’s aide-de-camp. St. Clair ordered the construction of forts in what is now western Ohio. He and his men left Fort Washington in September 1791. After a two-day journey, the troops stopped and built Fort Hamilton. Then they advanced forty-five miles northward and built Fort Jefferson. From the beginning of his campaign, St. Clair had trouble with his poorly trained and demoralized troops. Although it was still early fall, his men faced cold temperatures, rain, snowfall, and insufficient food. Despite these problems, St. Clair continued to advance against the Miami natives. By November 3, his men had arrived on the banks of the Wabash River, near some of the Miami villages. The next day Little Turtle, along with Shawnee chief Weyapiersenwah (Blue Jacket), led a large alliance of seasoned volunteer warriors from nine different American Indian tribes against the U.S. troops and soundly defeated them. In his account of the day’s events, Denny wrote, “The ground was literally covered with the dead.” The battle known as “St. Clair’s Defeat” remains the worst defeat of the U.S. Army at the hands of American Indians. On November 19, Denny left for Philadelphia, where he had the unenviable task of informing President George Washington and Secretary of War Knox of the defeat. Washington demanded that St. Clair resign from the army. St. Clair did so on April 7, 1792, but remained governor of the Northwest Territory. In 1794, Washington dispatched General Anthony Wayne to succeed where St. Clair had failed. Wayne defeated the Native Americans at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in August 1794. In 1795, most natives in modern-day Ohio signed the Treaty of Greeneville, relinquishing all of their land holdings in Ohio except what is now the northwestern corner of the state. Denny continued his military service until 1794, when he resigned his commission and settled near Pittsburgh. He entered local politics and held several offices before being elected the city’s first mayor in 1816. He resigned the office in 1817 because of ill health. He died in July 1822. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07028
Subjects: American Revolutionary War, 1775-1783; Kekionga, Battle of, Ohio, 1791; American Indians--Warfare; Northwest Territory--History; Veterans; Mayors
Places: Carlisle (Pennsylvania); Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania);
 

Description: This photograph shows Zane Grey after having successfully hunted a bear. The description on the back of the photograph reads: "Zane Grey with large bear shot in Hell Gate country, Tonto Basin, Arizona, probably 1919." The photograph belongs to the Zane Grey Photograph Collection. Zane Grey was a popular and widely read novelist of the American West. Grey was born in Zanesville, Ohio, on January 31, 1872. His parents were Lewis Grey and Alice Josephine Zane Grey. As a teenager, Grey was an excellent baseball player. He won a baseball scholarship to the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied to become a dentist. Once he left school and began his dental practice in New York, Grey realized that he was not happy. He decided to leave dentistry behind and become a writer. Grey's first novel, "Betty Zane," drew inspiration from the stories he had heard about frontier Ohio when he was growing up. He wrote "Betty Zane" in 1904 but was not able to find a publisher at first. Refusing to give up, Grey traveled west and continued writing. In 1910, he had his first success when Harper's Magazine published "The Heritage of the Desert." Two years later, Harper's published "Riders of the Purple Sage." Grey died unexpectedly of a heart attack on October 23, 1939. By the time of his death, he had written almost ninety books. Most of his books were Westerns, but he also wrote nine books that had a fishing theme. Grey also published many short stories, a biography of George Washington as a young man, and several stories for children. Some of Grey's other popular Western novels included "Spirit of the Border," "Desert Gold," "The Last Trail," "The Call of the Canyon," and "The Thundering Herd." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: P49_B02F07_003_001
Subjects: Authors; Books; Grey, Zane, 1872-1939; Education; National parks & reserves
Places: Arizona
 

Description: 1955 calendar advertising and themed around Ohio author and conservation advocate Louis Bromfield's famed Malabar Farm in Lucas, Ohio. The full-color twelve-month calendar includes color photographs by Joe Munroe and short caption essays by Louis Bromfield. Calendar verso pages feature longer essays on the history and rehabilitation of Malabar and vignettes of farm life also written by Bromfield. The Friends of the Land Collection (1930-1960) contains the papers of the Friends of the Land (1940-1959), a prominent national soil conservation education organization headquartered in Columbus, Ohio. FOTL produced an international literary arts quarterly, THE LAND (edited by New Deal agriculture writer Russell Lord) in addition to several members' only publications (LAND LETTER) and informational pamphlets. They also hosted annual conferences; ran conservation tours, teacher training labs, and workshops; and operated as a national clearinghouse for conservation information. Ohio farmer and novelist Louis Bromfield was active in the organization. Much of the collection reflects the career and interests of FOTL Executive Secretary Ollie Fink, who was a prominent conservation education pioneer in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Page1
Subjects: Conservation education; Bromfield, Louis (1896-1956); Agriculture; Soil science; Malabar Farm
Places: Mansfield (Ohio); Richland County (Ohio)
 

Description: This is a lithograph of an oil painting of Lappawinsoe, chief of the Lenape (Delaware) Tribe, published in volume one of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" by Thomas Loraine McKenney and James Hall. Lappawinsoe is most commonly known for his involvement in the Walking Purchase Agreement, a treaty agreement between the Lenape and Thomas Penn, son of Pennsylvania colony's founder William Penn, in which the Lenape were unfairly forced to relinquish 1,200,000 acres of their land in 1737. Thomas McKenny served as the United States Superintendent of Indian Trade in 1821 and commissioned portraits of American Indian leaders who visited Washington D.C. to negotiate treaties with the United States federal government in order to to preserve the memory and history of America's native peoples. After the paintings were completed, he commissioned lithographs of the 300 paintings and compiled them into three volumes of "History of the Indian Tribes of North America" where a short biography accompanied each portrait. The paintings were housed at the Smithsonian Institution Building, commonly referred to as the Castle, and in 1868 all but five were destroyed in a devastating fire. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: V970_97M199h_v1_p405_LapPaWinSoe
Subjects: Lenape (Delaware) Tribe; American Indian history; American Indians--Portraits; American Indians in Ohio; American Indian tribal leaders
Places: Washington D.C.
 

Description: Portrait of William Sawhill from "Historical and Biographical Souvenir of the Ohio School for the Deaf," published in Columbus, Ohio, in 1898. In addition to a history of the school's operation, the book includes "portraits and biographical sketches of representative alumni" such as Sawhill. His biographical sketch states that Sawhill was born in Pennsylvania in 1865, and after his family moved to Guernsey County, he began attending the Ohio School for the Deaf in 1873. As a young man, he worked as a laborer before joining the Ohio and Inter-State League as a professional baseball player in the spring of 1885. After several years, he found a career in the oil industry, and married another Ohio School for the Deaf alumni, Emma Kob, with whom he had four children. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: 362_4H629_Sawhill_W
Subjects: Deafness; Ohio School for the Deaf; Baseball--History; Baseball players; Athletes; Sports--Ohio--History;
Places: Washington (Ohio); Guernsey County (Ohio)