Description: Original description reads: "A general view of Mayfield Road a few blocks above Euclid Avenue (Mayfield Hill). This is the Italian section. A few doors down on the left is the Hdqts. of the infamous Mayfield Road gang." The Mayfield Road Mob was a Mafia gang based in Cleveland's Little Italy. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_20_01
Subjects: Streets--Cleveland (Ohio); Buildings--Cleveland (Ohio)
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Old Orchard School standing at Peach Street facing Orchard Street, now known as 4115 Orchard Avenue, on the west side of Lorain." This is a photograph of a the Old Orchard School in Cleveland, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F04_027_1
Subjects: Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Education; Schools; Buildings; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.--Pictorial works; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Ident - 88 - State Picture Book. Page 62-63 Double page spread; Location - Cleveland; Caption - Panorama of Cleveland." This photograph shows a portion of downtown Cleveland, Ohio centered on the Terminal Tower building and the rail station. Also visible is Cleveland Municipal Stadium, Cuyahoga County Courthouse, Cleveland City Hall and The Mall The Terminal Tower building, is located on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio. Formly known as Cleveland Union Terminal, and designed by the firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the tower was modeled after the Beaux-Arts New York Municipal Building by McKim, Mead, and White. Built mainly of limestone, the tower itself seems extremely ornate compared with the simplicity of the lower portion of the building. Built by the Van Sweringen brothers it is 98 feet square to the 37th floor, where it assumes a polygonal form with buttresses as far as the 39th floor; there, with a series of encircling turrets, it becomes cylindrical before culminating in a cone surmounted with a flagpole. At night, floodlights illuminate the tower above the 34th floor. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The tower is one of a number of interconnected buildings that make up the Tower City Center. The Cuyahoga County Courthouse, located at 1 Lakeside Avenue, is a four-story pink granite structure, completed in 1912 by designed by architects Lehman and Schmidt in the French Classical Revival (Beaux-Arts) style. The Lakeside Avenue facade is decorated with figures in white Tennessee marble of men important in the development of English law; before the north entrance are bronze statues of John Marshall and Rufus Ray, and before the south of Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton. Sculptors were Herbert Adams, Karl Bitter, and Daniel Chester French. Notable among the works of art in the building is a mural decoration, 'The Trial of Captain John Smith', by Charles Yardley Turner, which portrays a scene at Smith's trial for treason and mutiny in 1607. The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. It now houses the Cleveland Law Library Association. Cleveland City Hall, located at Lakeside Avenue and East 6th (Sixth) Street is a five-story steel-frame and concrete structure with Vermont granite exterior was designed by J. Milton Dyer in the Renaissance style in 1916 at a cost of $3 million dollars. It has arcaded ground story, a 2-story Tuscan colonnade, and a central entrance bay characteristic of the Beaux-Arts style and was the first such structure built for and owned by the city. The Council Chambers underwent major restorations in 1951 and 1977. In 1994, a major exterior renovation costing $2.9 million took place for the first time in the building's history. Cleveland Stadium, located at the foot of West 3rd (Third) Street, is built of gray-white brick and cost $3 million dollars to build. It opened July 3, 1931, for the heavyweight championship fight between Max Schmeling and Young Stribling. Designed by Walker and Weeks, the two-deck stadium had a seating capacity of 78, 189, which could be augmented by temporary seats to total 100, 000. Batteries of floodlights make night events possible. Sometimes called Cleveland Municipal Stadium and/or Lakefront Stadium, this multipurpose building was the home for first the Cleveland Rams, then Cleveland Browns (football) and the Cleveland Indians (baseball). It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 and demolished to make way for new modern facilities in 1996 (Cleveland Browns Stadium). The 1903 Group Plan by Daniel Burnham, John Carrère, and Arnold W. Brunner as a vast public room flanked by the city's major civic and governmental buildings, all built in the neoclassical style. Many of those buildings along this long public park were built over the following three decades, including the Metzenbaum Courthouse (1910), Cuyahoga County Courthouse (1912), Cleveland City Hall (1916), Public Auditorium (1922), the Cleveland Public Library main building (1925), and the Cleveland Public Schools Board of Education building (1931). Other buildings include Key Tower, the Cuyahoga County Administration Building, and the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland. The Mall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F11_48_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Terminal Tower Complex (Cleveland, Ohio)--History; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Public Square (Cleveland, Ohio); Cleveland Municipal Stadium (Cleveland, Ohio); Municipal Stadium (Cleveland, Ohio); County courts--Ohio; City halls--United States;
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Terminal Tower, Bridge and shipping, from Flats. Cleveland." This photograph shows Terminal Tower, the Detroit-Superior high level viaduct bridge and the flats, which until the 1980s was mainly an industrial area. The twelve huge concrete arches and 591 feet of steel span the Cuyahoga, to form Detroit-Superior Bridge which was completed in 1918 and is 3,112 feet long. It spans from West 9th Street to West 25th Street, and cost about $5.5 million dollars. Also visible are Fairchilds Flour mill and Hotel Cleveland. The hotel was built around 1915 atop the original 'Cleveland Hotel', and adjacent to the Terminal Tower, this 1,000 room hotel cost $4.5 million to build. In 1978 it was refurbished and remained Stouffer's Inn on the Square and in 1989 renamed Stouffer - Tower City Plaza. It became the Stouffer Renaissance Cleveland Hotel around 1993, but there have been discussions to drop the Stouffer name since 1996. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_16_01
Subjects: Terminal Tower Complex (Cleveland, Ohio)--History; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Public Square (Cleveland, Ohio); Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Cuyahoga River (Ohio); Bridges--Ohio--Cleveland--1910-1920; Cleveland (Ohio). Flats
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Terminal Tower, Cleveland." The Terminal Tower building, is located on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio. Designed by the firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the tower was modeled after the Beaux-Arts New York Municipal Building by McKim, Mead, and White. Built mainly of limestone, the tower itself seems extremely ornate compared with the simplicity of the lower portion of the building. It is 98 feet square to the 37th floor, where it assumes a polygonal form with buttresses as far as the 39th floor; there, with a series of encircling turrets, it becomes cylindrical before culminating in a cone surmounted with a flagpole. At night, floodlights illuminate the tower above the 34th floor. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_03_01
Subjects: Terminal Tower Complex (Cleveland, Ohio)--History; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Public Square (Cleveland, Ohio); Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: The Terminal Tower building, is located on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio. Formly known as Cleveland Union Terminal, and designed by the firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the tower was modeled after the Beaux-Arts New York Municipal Building by McKim, Mead, and White. Built mainly of limestone, the tower itself seems extremely ornate compared with the simplicity of the lower portion of the building. Built by the Van Sweringen brothers it is 98 feet square to the 37th floor, where it assumes a polygonal form with buttresses as far as the 39th floor; there, with a series of encircling turrets, it becomes cylindrical before culminating in a cone surmounted with a flagpole. At night, floodlights illuminate the tower above the 34th floor. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976. The tower is one of a number of interconnected buildings that make up the Tower City Center. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F09_03_01
Subjects: Terminal Tower Complex (Cleveland, Ohio)--History; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Public Square (Cleveland, Ohio); Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Van Sweringen, Oris Paxton, 1879-1936; Van Sweringen, Mantis James, 1881-1935
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Terminal Tower, Cleveland- copy." The Terminal Tower building, is located on Public Square in Cleveland, Ohio. Designed by the firm of Graham, Anderson, Probst & White, the tower was modeled after the Beaux-Arts New York Municipal Building by McKim, Mead, and White. Built mainly of limestone, the tower itself seems extremely ornate compared with the simplicity of the lower portion of the building. It is 98 feet square to the 37th floor, where it assumes a polygonal form with buttresses as far as the 39th floor; there, with a series of encircling turrets, it becomes cylindrical before culminating in a cone surmounted with a flagpole. At night, floodlights illuminate the tower above the 34th floor. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F08_016_001
Subjects: Terminal Tower Complex (Cleveland, Ohio)--History; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Public Square (Cleveland, Ohio); Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This color image shows the Rockefeller Building, Cleveland, Ohio, ca. 1960-1969. John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) erected the seventeen-story structure by between 1903 and 1905. The historic Weddell House Hotel, built in 1847, formerly stood on this site. Located on the corner of Superior and West 6th Street, the Rockefeller Building contained offices for iron, coal, and lake-shipping industries. Josiah Kirby bought the building in 1920 and changed its named to the Kirby Building. Angered by the change, Rockefeller bought the building back, restoring the name in 1923. John D. Rockefeller moved to the Cleveland area with his family at age 14. He ventured into the oil business in 1863. During the 1870s and 1880s, Rockefeller sought to expand Standard Oil's influence. The company began to purchase or drive out of business oil refiners across the United States. By 1878, Standard Oil purportedly controlled ninety percent of the oil refineries in the United States. In 1881 the Standard Oil Company became known as the Standard Oil Trust. In essence, the Standard Oil Company created various companies across the United States that were purportedly their own entities. In reality, Rockefeller directed all of these businesses. Rockefeller was alive during the government's attack on Standard Oil, but he had retired from the company in 1895, well before the dispute ended. In 1901, his wealth was estimated at 900 million dollars, making him the wealthiest man in the world. He dedicated the remainder of his life to philanthropic efforts. He used his wealth to establish the University of Chicago in 1892 and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1901. Rockefeller also was a driving force behind the preservation of Williamsburg, Virginia, as an historic landmark. He donated funds to innumerable other charities through the Rockefeller Foundation. John Rockefeller died in 1937 at Ormond Beach, Florida. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06620
Subjects: Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1839-1937; Buildings; Cities and towns--Ohio.; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph (ca. 1935-1943) shows an aerial view, presumably taken from the Terminal Tower, looking northeast down Superior Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio, with Lake Erie in the distance. Visible are the Cleveland Public Library (square building, bottom left corner), Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland (two buildings farther along on corner of Superior and E 6th) View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_14_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Cleveland (Ohio). Cleveland Public Library; Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Moreland Court Apartment Bldg. Photograph Taken 3/4/37. Cleveland, Ohio." Moreland Courts is located at 13415 Shaker Boulevard in Cleveland, Ohio. It was conceived in 1922 Alfred W. Harris, and finished by Philip L. Small and the Van Sweringen brothers. The building is designed using five different English architectural styles; Late Gothic, Tudor, Elizabethan, Jacobean and Georgian, and has been on the National Register of Historic Places since 1983. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F08_06_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Historic buildings--Ohio--Cleveland; Apartments--United States; National Register of Historic Places
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Rockefeller Building, a 17-story office building erected by John D. Rockefeller (1839-1937) between 1903 and 1905. The view is of the front entrance. A lone male pedestrian is walking past the building. Designed by Know and Elliot, the Rockefeller Building exemplifies the "Sullivanesque" style as it resembles to Louis Sullivan's Guaranty Building in Buffalo, New York. The historic Weddell House hotel built in 1847 previously stood on the site, which is at the corner of Superior and West 6th Street. The Rockefeller Building was rented to businesses involved in iron, coal, and lake-shipping industries. The original structure consisted of seven bays along Superior Avenue, and in 1910 an additional four bays in the same design were added to the west side. Josiah Kirby bought the building in 1920 and changed its name to the Kirby Building. Rockefeller was angered by the change and bought the building back, restoring the name in 1923. Rockefeller moved to the Cleveland area with his family at age fourteen. He ventured into the oil business in 1863. During the 1870s and 1880s, Rockefeller sought to expand Standard Oil's influence. The company began to purchase or drive oil refiners out of business across the United States. By 1878, Standard Oil purportedly controlled ninety percent of the oil refineries in the United States. In 1881 the Standard Oil Company became known as the Standard Oil Trust. In essence, the Standard Oil Company created various companies across the United States that were purportedly their own entities. In reality, Rockefeller directed all of these businesses. Rockefeller was alive during the government's attack on Standard Oil, but he had retired from the company in 1895, well before the dispute ended. In 1901, his wealth was estimated at $900 million, making him the wealthiest man in the world. He dedicated the remainder of his life to philanthropic efforts. He used his wealth to establish the University of Chicago in 1892 and the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research in 1901. Rockefeller also was a driving force behind the preservation of Williamsburg, Virginia, as an historic landmark. He donated funds to innumerable other charities through the Rockefeller Foundation. John Rockefeller died in 1937 at Ormond Beach, Florida. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06619
Subjects: Rockefeller, John D. (John Davison), 1839-1937; Buildings; Cities and towns--Ohio.; Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)
 

Description: Original description reads: "Cleveland's Newer Buildings. Prospect Avenue near Superior, N.W, Cleveland. Terminal Tower group buildings. Building near center with row of flag poles is Higbee Department Store from the rear; buildings to the right is the Midland building and Medical Arts building." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B04F10_26_01
Subjects: Cleveland (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Streets--Ohio--Cleveland
Places: Cleveland (Ohio); Cuyahoga County (Ohio)