Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows the large circular enclosure at the Octagon Earthworks in Licking County, Ohio. It was taken from the Observatory Mound looking southeast. The Newark Earthworks complex was located on a wide glacial terrace southwest of the original confluence of Raccoon Creek and the Licking River in Newark, Licking County, Ohio. It was constructed by people of the Hopewell Culture between approximately 100 BC and AD 400. When first surveyed in the 1840s, the earthworks covered an area of four square miles, making it perhaps the world’s single largest archaeological landscape outside Egypt’s Giza Plateau. Overall the complex seems to be a lexicon of Hopewell earthwork design with counterparts found elsewhere within the Hopewell sphere, particularly in the lower Scioto Valley. These forms include large and small circles, parallel walls, ovals, squares and octagons. Unfortunately as Newark’s city limits expanded in the late 19th century, much of the earthwork complex fell victim to development. Only the Great Circle, a 1200-foot circular embankment with an interior ditch, and the Octagon Earthworks, a conjoined circle and segmented octagon that functions as a precise lunar observatory, have managed to survive to present times. To note, neither of these earthworks survived out of a pure sense of preservation but rather as notable oddities on the landscape; the Great Circle as a 19th century fairgrounds/amusement park and the Octagon as a military training camp and presently as a golf course. Both sites are owned by the Ohio History Connection and are among seven Ohio Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites under consideration by the United States Department of the Interior for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_01
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Newark (Ohio); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400)
Places: Newark (Ohio); Licking County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this hand-tinted lantern slide shows a man looking at shell fragments from a refuse shell heap at an unidentified location in Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_03
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows the Great Mound, or Miamisburg Mound, located in Montgomery County, Ohio. Supposedly built by the Adena culture, an ancient American Indian cultural group found in Ohio, the Miamisburg Mound is one of the two largest conical mounds in North America and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. With a height of 65 feet and a circumference of 800 feet, the mound is visible from several miles away, as it stands atop a 100 foot high ridge above the Great Miami River. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_02
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Adena Culture (800 B.C.–A.D. 100)
Places: Miamisburg (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows the Washington County Public Library atop the Capitolium Mound, one of the three walled enclosures that make up the Marietta Earthworks; the Capitolium, Conus, and Quadranaou. The Marietta Earthworks is a mound complex built by the Hopewell, an ancient American Indian culture in Ohio, ca. 100 BC- AD 500. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_04
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400); Libraries
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows an unidentified mound in Bainbridge, Ohio. Mounds often served as burial grounds for Ohio's ancient inhabitants, such as the Adena (800 BC-AD 100) and Hopewell (100 BC-AD 500) cultures, and archaeologists believe they may have also served as sacred spaces where religious acts took place, as well as serving as boundary markers. However, the true use of these spaces remains unknown. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_05
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio
Places: Bainbridge (Ohio); Ross County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this hand-tinted lantern slide shows a man pointing to the left of the image, standing beside an American Indian mound, covered with snow. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_06
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Winter; Snow
Places: Ohio
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows part of the Quadranaou, a platform mound in Marietta, Ohio, in Washington County. The Quadranaou is part of the Marietta Earthworks, a mound complex built ca. 100 BC-AD 500 by the Hopewell culture, an ancient American Indian culture that inhabited parts of Ohio and surrounding areas. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_07
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this hand-tinted lantern slide shows part of the base of the conical Great Mound at Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio, in Washington County. The Great Mound is part of the Marietta Earthworks, a mound complex built ca. 100 BC-AD 500 by the Hopewell, an ancient American Indian cultural group that inhabited parts of Ohio and surrounding areas. The Great Mound, or Conus, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1973. Mound Cemetery is also known for the many soldiers of the American Revolution buried there. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_09
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Cemeteries; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400)
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this lantern slide shows part of the base of the conical Great Mound at Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio, in Washington County. The Great Mound is is part of the Marietta Earthworks, a mound complex built ca. 100 BC-AD 500 by the Hopewell, an ancient American Indian cultural group that inhabited parts of Ohio and surrounding areas. The Great Mound, or Conus, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1973. Mound Cemetery is also known for the many soldiers of the American Revolution buried there. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_10
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Cemeteries; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400)
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated to the 1920s or 1930s, this hand-tinted lantern slide shows part of the base of the conical Great Mound at Mound Cemetery in Marietta, Ohio, in Washington County. The Great Mound is part of the Marietta Earthworks, a mound complex built ca. 100 BC-AD 500 by the Hopewell, an ancient American Indian cultural group that inhabited parts of Ohio and surrounding areas. The Great Mound, or Conus, was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1973. Mound Cemetery is also known for the many soldiers of the American Revolution buried there. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV144_B01_11
Subjects: Mounds--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians in Ohio; Cemeteries; Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1-400);
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: Drawing of an ancient mound near Cedarville, Ohio. The drawing is on the inside front cover of "Handy Book for Collectors: A Short Description of Most of the Varieties of Indian and Mound Builder Implements, Arranged and Classified According to Size and Use" by W. K. Moorehead, a well-known American archeologist. The image is a drawing of an tall mound that situation in a field near a stream. Three tiny human figures stand between the stream and the mound. The caption reads: "Ancient Mound near Cedarville, Ohio. Relics from this Mound for sale, as follows: Fragment of pottery, Indian bones, and Arrow Head, by Mail 25 cents. W.K. Moorehead, Xenia, Ohio." Fascinated by Indians and their culture since his boyhood in Xenia, Moorehead enrolled in Denison University (Granville, Ohio) in 1884 and began collecting hundreds of specimens from Indian sites near Granville. He later worked at the Smithsonian Institution and then conducted his own exploration of Fort Ancient in Ohio. He also conducted explorations of the Hopewell site near Chillicothe, Ohio, and at pueblos in the Southwest U.S. In 1894 Moorehead became curator of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical Society, a post he held for three years. In 1908 President Theodore Roosevelt appointed Moorehead to the Board of the U.S. Board of Indian Commissioners. He served on the board until 1934, when it was abolished by executive order. In the earlier part of his career, Moorehead built a personal collection of artifacts found at his excavation sites, he later became a strong advocate for just treatment of American Indians. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05900
Subjects: Moorehead, Warren King, 1866-1939; Mound-builders--Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; American Indians; Archaeology; Catalogs
 

Description: Irregularly oval-shaped scraper is very dark gray mottled with light gray. There are dark yellowish brown and very pale brown rough (weathered) areas. The flint has only been knapped on one side (uniface). It shows some signs of use wear. There is a small chip broken from one edge. Item was found at the Stringtown Site in Franklin County, Ohio. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07432
Subjects: Ohio History--Natural and Native Ohio; American Indians--Archaeology; Tools; American Indian history and society
Places: Franklin County (Ohio)