Description: This Imperial Chinese flag dates from 1890 to 1911. The wool flag depicts a blue five-toed dragon reaching for a red sun on a yellow rectangular field. The halyard edge is pink. An attached tag has been torn in half; the remaining portion reads "Lt. Gen CH / China / Re / 19." If complete, the tag would likely read "Lieutenant General Chaffee / China / Relief / 1900." Lieutenant General Adna Romanza Chaffee (1842-1914) acquired this flag during his service in the Boxer Rebellion. Alcott Farrar Elwell of East Hebron, New Hampshire, donated this flag to the Ohio Historical Society in 1962. From 1899-1901, the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists launched an uprising against foreign influences in China. Westerners referred to members of the society as "Boxers" because they practiced martial arts and calisthenics. Targets of the Boxers' violence were foreign builders, diplomats and Christians, both foreign and Chinese. The United States and other countries with interests in China sent troops to rescue their citizens who were under siege in the legation compound of Beijing (then Peking). This international force, known in the United States as the China Relief Expedition, suppressed the rebellion and imposed reparations on China. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H65300_001
Subjects: Ceremonial artifact; Communication artifact; Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists; Military flags; China Relief Expedition; Textile--wool; Lieutenant General; China--History--Boxer Rebellion, 1899-1901
Places: Beijing (China)
 

Description: Caption on reverse reads: "Montgomery County, Ohio. The Poland China Hog Monument. At Blue Ball, 5.3 miles south of Franklin on U.S. Route 25, the Dixie Highway. The inscription reads: 'The first pedigree of a Poland China Hog was written on this farm in August, 1876, by W.O. Hankinson, owner of farm and Carl Freigau, compiler of the original record. This strictly American breed of swine originated within a radius of a few miles of this place, and in the making occupied the period from 1816 to 1850. The first volume of pedigrees was printed in 1878. This monument was erected by the Ohio Poland China Breeders Associations. Unveiled, June 15, 1922.'" The monument was originally located outside of a farm 1 mile north of the village of Blue Bell and was moved in 1976 to its current location, across from Towne Mall. A opening was left in the foundation for a copper box containing a duplicated of the first pedigrees printed and other valuable articles, which was later sealed inside. Polish China swines are derived from many breeds including the Berkshire and Hampshire. It is the oldest American breed of swine. The hogs are typically black, sometimes with white patches, and are known for their large size. Big Bill, the largest hog ever recorded, was a Poland China. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_027_1
Subjects: Monuments--Ohio; Poland-China swine
Places: Blue Bell (Ohio); Franklin (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: This Imperial Chinese flag dates from 1872 to 1890. The wool flag depicts a blue five-toed dragon reaching for a red sun on a yellow triangular field. The halyard edge is pink. Lieutenant General Adna Romanza Chaffee acquired this flag during his service in the Boxer Rebellion. The triangular pennant flag measures 170 by 285 cm. From 1899-1901, the Chinese Society of Right and Harmonious Fists launched an uprising against foreign influences in China. Westerners referred to members of the society as "Boxers" because they practiced martial arts and calisthenics. Targets of the Boxers' violence were foreign builders, diplomats and Christians, both foreign and Chinese. The United States and other countries with interests in China sent troops to rescue their citizens who were under siege in the legation compound of Beijing (then Peking). This international force, known in the United States as the China Relief Expedition, suppressed the rebellion and imposed reparations on China. Alcott Farrar Elwell of East Hebron, New Hampshire, donated this flag to the Ohio Historical Society in 1962. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: H65299_001
Subjects: China--History--Boxer Rebellion, 1899-1901; Communication artifacts; Pennant
 

Description: The inscription reads: 'The first pedigree of a Poland China Hog was written on this farm in August, 1876, by W.O. Hankinson, owner of farm and Carl Freigau, compiler of the original record. This strictly American breed of swine originated within a radius of a few miles of this place, and in the making occupied the period from 1816 to 1850. The first volume of pedigrees was printed in 1878. This monument was erected by the Ohio Poland China Breeders Associations. Unveiled, June 15, 1922.'" The monument was originally located outside of a farm 1 mile north of the village of Blue Bell and was moved in 1976 to its current location, across from Towne Mall. A opening was left in the foundation for a copper box containing a duplicated of the first pedigrees printed and other valuable articles, which was later sealed inside. Polish China swines are derived from many breeds including the Berkshire and Hampshire. It is the oldest American breed of swine. The hogs are typically black, sometimes with white patches, and are known for their large size. Big Bill, the largest hog ever recorded, was a Poland China. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B09F10_044_1
Subjects: Monuments--Ohio; Poland-China swine
Places: Blue Bell (Ohio); Franklin (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: The East Liverpool company of Knowles, Taylor and Knowles produced this Etruscan-style ewer in the 1890s. It measures 9 by 11 inches (14 by 24.5 cm). The ewer is a piece of Lotus Ware, a type of porcelain developed by the company in 1892. It was the first American-produced porcelain that could rival the well-established European companies. Lotus Ware won top awards at the World's Fair held in Chicago in 1893. The popular porcelain was advertised as "the whitest, purest, thinnest and handsomest art china for decorating manufactured." Lotus Ware was manufactured from 1892 to 1896. It was expensive to make, because the fragile china frequently broke in the heat of the kiln. Workers sometimes took pieces of unbroken Lotus Ware home with them, due to its value and beauty. Isaac W. Knowles opened a small pottery in East Liverpool in 1854. In 1870, John Taylor and Homer S. Knowles joined the company. The operation expanded during the next two decades. By the 1880s, Knowles, Taylor and Knowles was producing translucent china. By 1890, the company was the largest manufacturer of white granite plain and decorative ware in the nation. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1381_1534925_001
Subjects: Business and Labor; Pottery; Pottery industry; Porcelain; Pitchers; Knowles, Taylor & Knowles (East Liverpool, Ohio)
Places: East Liverpool (Ohio); Columbiana County (Ohio)
 

Description: Employees of the Salem China Company, located in Salem, Ohio, removing plates from a machine used to spray glaze on the dishes, ca. 1930-1950. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01119
Subjects: Pottery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Salem (Ohio)
 

Description: Employee of the Salem China Company, located in Salem, Ohio, removing a creamer a mold following the casting of the piece, 1931. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01120
Subjects: Pottery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Salem (Ohio)
 

Description: Employees of the Salem China Company, located in Salem, Ohio, unloading dishes from a periodic kiln, ca. 1930-1950. The basket is filled with dishware that has been fired. The worker in the forefront is carrying and holding on his head containers called 'scaggers', which are used to hold dishware while it is being fired. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01121
Subjects: Pottery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Salem (Ohio)
 

Description: Employee of the Salem China Company, located in Salem, Ohio, pouring liquid clay, also called slip, into molds, ca. 1930-1950. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01122
Subjects: Pottery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Salem (Ohio)
 

Description: Employees of the Salem China Company, located in Salem, Ohio, removing processed clay from a pug mill before it is formed into dishware, ca. 1930-1950. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01123
Subjects: Pottery industry--Ohio; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Salem (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows four female employees cleaning dishes in a pottery, possibly the Crooksville China Company in Perry County, Ohio. The pottery needed to be cleaned before it could be packed for shipment. Crooksville China Company organized in 1902 in Crooksville, Ohio. It went out of business in 1959. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1539_1507444_002
Subjects: Business and Labor; Ohio Women; Pottery industry; Ceramic industries; Potteries; Tableware
Places: Crooksville (Ohio); Perry County (Ohio)
 

Description: Workers at the Crooksville China Company, 1902. The Crooksville China Company operated from 1902 to 1959 and made decaled dinnerware and kitchenware. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL03658
Subjects: Pottery industry; Businesses; Labor--Ohio; Manufacturing industries--Ohio; Employees
Places: Crooksville (Ohio); Perry County (Ohio)