Description: View of the Ohio River and the City of Cincinnati, facing southeast. The plain two story brick building on the left is Sattler's Groceries and Meats. Near the center of the photograph, a water tower with the word "Seeds" can be seen, underneath which is a sign reads "The J. Chas. McCullough Seed Co.. Only Retail Space. [?]30 East 4th. [?]erald Lawn." The J. Chas. McCullough Seed Company was founded in 1838, and originally gathered from the families' 48 acre farm. The company expanded many times, with offices and warehouses located all along Walnut Street, just below Fourth Street. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. The first bridge, from left to right, is the L&N Bridge or Louisville & Nashville RR Bridge, opened in 1872 as the Newport & Cincinnati Bridge and was the first railroad bridge to cross the Ohio River in Cincinnati. The bridge was modified in 1897 to include street car and horse and cart traffic. In 1904, the cart path was paved for automobiles and the bridge renamed as the L&N Bridge after its new owners. By the late 1940's street car service was removed and in 1987 railroad traffic ceased. By the 1990's the bridge was lightly used by automobile traffic, and was officially renamed the CSX Bridge after new owners. On April 17, 2001 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, closed to automobiles in 2002, and reopened in 2003 after a $4 million renovation as a pedestrian only bridge. The center bridge, called the Central Bridge or Cincinnati & Newport Bridge, was finished in 1890 and was the first "standard" cantilever truss bridge to be built. Located next to the L&N Bridge seen in the background, the Central Bridge had a similar type and length of approach spans to that of the L&N bridge, with the piers built from identical stone. Demolished in 1992, the bridge was replaced by the Taylor-Southgate Bridge in 1995. The last bridge, locally known as "The Suspension Bridge", was designed by engineer John A. Roebling, the Covington and Cincinnati Bridge was completed in December of 1866, following a decade of construction which was delayed by the Civil War and financial constraints. At the time it was built, the bridge had the longest main span in the world and was also the first bridge to use both vertical suspenders and diagonal stays branching out from the towers. The bridge was remodeled in 1894 to widen the deck and to accommodate more weight. The bridge was named the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge in 1984. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F08_029
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Bridges--Ohio River; Ohio River; National Register of Historic Places;
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This engraving is captioned "The Mississippi Raft," and shows a type of watercraft often used to transport goods and people on rivers and other waterways during the early 19th century in the United States. In the era before railroads and automobiles, rivers, lakes, and canals were important transportation routes in the United States. They were easier and more economical to travel than were the roads of the time. Prior to the invention of steamboats, waterways were navigated in boats powered by sail, human muscle, or the current. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC181_02
Subjects: Boats and boating; Transportation; Mississippi River;
Places: Mississippi River;
 

Description: An engraving depicting a flat bottom boat. The caption reads: "Grave par Tardieu l'aine. Sketch of a Flat bottom Boat; such as are used to descend the Ohio and the Mississippi." French part of the caption translates as "Engraved by Tardieu the elder" which indicates that it is most likely work of Jean Baptiste Pierre Tardieu (1746-1816), a prominent French cartographer and engraver. Flat bottom boats or flatboats were rectangular boats intended for short term use. They were built without keels which made them less sturdy and harder to navigate. Their history dates back to May, 1782, when Pennsylvania farmer, Jacob Yoder, became the first person to successfully navigate a flatboat from Brownsville to New Orleans, proving they can be used for commercial shipping. By 1810 there were about 3000 flatboats descending the Ohio river and the boat building business was booming. Flatboats played a significant role in the history of America’s westward expansion. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07754
Subjects: Ohio River; Mississippi River; Boats; American frontier; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
 

Description: Map of the siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi by the U.S. forces under the command of Major General Ulysses S. Grant. Surveyed and constructed under direction of Captain C. B. Comstock, U.S. Engineers. Drawn by Charles Spangenberg, Assistant Engineer, Head Quarters of the Department of the Tennessee. Note: Relief shown by hachures. Union and Confederate entrenchments are handcolored blue and red respectively. Detailed map showing roads, streets, railroads, hachures, vegetation, houses, and drainage. Contains five topographic profiles, six cross sections of artillery batteries, and one cross section of a "rebel rifle pit." Scale [ca. 16,800]. (not "four inches to one mile"). The Siege of Vicksburg (May 18 – July 4, 1863) was the final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign of the American Civil War. In a series of maneuvers, Union Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate army of Lt. Gen. John C. Pemberton into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi. When two major assaults (May 19 and May 22, 1863) against the Confederate fortifications were repulsed with heavy casualties, Grant decided to besiege the city beginning on May 25. With no reinforcement, supplies nearly gone, and after holding out for more than forty days, the garrison finally surrendered on July 4. This action (combined with the capitulation of Port Hudson on July 9) yielded command of the Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict. The Confederate surrender following the siege at Vicksburg is sometimes considered, when combined with Gen. Robert E. Lee's defeat at Gettysburg the previous day, the turning point of the war. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Map_Siege_Vicksburg_Miss
Subjects: Vicksburg (Miss.)--History--Siege, 1863--Maps. United States--Mississippi--Vicksburg; Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885--Military leadership
Places: Vicksburg (Mississippi); Warren County (Mississippi)
 

Description: This image is a reproduction of a print depicting the courthouse and jail in Marietta, built in 1798. The structure was built at the southeast corner of today's Second and Putnam Streets. (Original print is in "American Pioneer," opposite page 163, call number V 977.05 Am35 v. 1.) The caption reads: "Court House and Jail at Marietta, Ohio, Built in 1798." The two-story structure is surrounded by a fence. Three human figures are standing near the fence; a fourth figure and a horse and wagon are visible in the street. In the distance, several hills form a backdrop for other buildings. Originally known as Adelphia, meaning "brotherhood," Marietta was the first permanent settlement of the United States of America in the territory north and west of the Ohio River. It also was the first settlement founded by the Ohio Company of Associates in the Northwest Territory in 1788. The company's investors renamed the community after Queen Marie Antoinette of France, in honor of France's contributions to the U.S. victory in the American Revolution. The first settlers were led by Rufus Putnam, who was one of the Ohio Company's early investors. He chose a site along the Ohio River at its junction with the Muskingum River, not far from Fort Harmar. Originally, settlers from New England made up the population of Marietta. People from Virginia and Kentucky later moved to the area as well. On July 9, 1788, the Northwest Territory's first governor, Arthur St. Clair, came to Marietta. The territory was officially established, as was Washington County; Marietta became the county seat. As the population of the Northwest Territory grew, the people of Marietta hoped that their community would become the capital of the future state. They supported St. Clair's plan to divide the territory in a different way than the Northwest Ordinance had originally planned. They believed that the governor's plans would make Marietta more prominent. But in the end, St. Clair's plan was not accepted by Congress. Because of its location along the Ohio River, Marietta became a major trading center in the Northwest Territory and later in the state of Ohio. The community became one of the earliest settlements in Ohio to have a state-chartered bank in 1808. In addition to agriculture and trade with the East, Marietta was also known for its shipbuilding industry. Ships, barges and flatboats moved from Marietta down the Ohio River to the Mississippi River and then to New Orleans and to ports in the East. In spite of its early growth, Marietta was surpassed by other towns as other forms of transportation came to Ohio. Canals, the National Road, and the railroads made all parts of the state accessible. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL05767
Subjects: Ohio History--State and Local Government; Marietta (Ohio); Courthouses--Ohio--History
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph was taken from the L&N Bridge, looking west towards the Central Bridge and the Suspension Bridge (a slightly obstructed view), all of which span the Ohio River, connecting Cincinnati to Kentucky. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. The first bridge, from left to right, is the L&N Bridge or Louisville & Nashville RR Bridge, opened in 1872 as the Newport & Cincinnati Bridge and was the first railroad bridge to cross the Ohio River in Cincinnati. The bridge was modified in 1897 to include street car and horse and cart traffic. In 1904, the cart path was paved for automobiles and the bridge renamed as the L&N Bridge after its new owners. By the late 1940's street car service was removed and in 1987 railroad traffic ceased. By the 1990's the bridge was lightly used by automobile traffic, and was officially renamed the CSX Bridge after new owners. On April 17, 2001 it was placed on the National Register of Historic Places, closed to automobiles in 2002, and reopened in 2003 after a $4 million renovation as a pedestrian only bridge. The center bridge, called the Central Bridge or Cincinnati & Newport Bridge, was finished in 1890 and was the first "standard" cantilever truss bridge to be built. Located next to the L&N Bridge seen in the background, the Central Bridge had a similar type and length of approach spans to that of the L&N bridge, with the piers built from identical stone. Demolished in 1992, the bridge was replaced by the Taylor-Southgate Bridge in 1995. The last bridge, locally known as "The Suspension Bridge", was designed by engineer John A. Roebling, the Covington and Cincinnati Bridge was completed in December of 1866, following a decade of construction which was delayed by the Civil War and financial constraints. At the time it was built, the bridge had the longest main span in the world and was also the first bridge to use both vertical suspenders and diagonal stays branching out from the towers. The bridge was remodeled in 1894 to widen the deck and to accommodate more weight. The bridge was named the John A. Roebling Suspension Bridge in 1984. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F18_016_001
Subjects: Cincinnati (Ohio)--Buildings, structures, etc.; Bridges--Ohio River; Ohio River; National Register of Historic Places
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Scenic Ohio River views, Cin. Ohio." This photograph is of a portion of the Ohio River. The Cincinnati Sheet Metal & Roofing and the American Steel & and Wire Co. buildings are both in the foreground, as well a large crate, presumably for loading and unloading cargo from boats traveling the Ohio River. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B03F08_013_1
Subjects: Ohio River
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Reverse reads: "Sailboats on the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio." This photograph shows three unidentified men in sailboats on the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio. During the warmer months, many Ohioans can be seen flocking to lakes and rivers for picnicking, sunbathing, sailing and swimming. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F01_052_001
Subjects: Ohio River--History; Sailing; Sailboats; Recreation; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows several sailboats on the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio. During the warmer months, many Ohioans can be seen flocking to lakes and rivers for picnicking, sunbathing, sailing and swimming. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F04_009_001
Subjects: Ohio River--History; Sailing; Sailboats; Recreation; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Dated ca. 1935-1943, this photograph shows two men in a motorboat on the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio, with a houseboat behind them in the distance. The Ohio River is the largest tributary of the Mississippi River and is about 981 miles long. It begins at the confluence of the Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers in Point State Park in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. It forms the border between Ohio and West Virginia, as well as Ohio and Kentucky, Indiana and Kentucky, and Illinois and Kentucky. It joins the Mississippi near Cairo, Illinois. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B13F04_011_001
Subjects: Recreation; Ohio River--History; Motorboats; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project.
Places: Cincinnati (Ohio); Hamilton County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Home of Captain William B. Miller, graduate of Grand River Institute and captain, owner and pilot of Mississippi River packets for 30 years. Carried supplies for the Union in Civil War; house was a station on Underground Railroad. Son of Gen. Travis Ayres Miller". View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B01F06_005_001
Subjects: Ashtabula (Ohio); Architecture--Ohio--Pictorial works.; Architecture, Domestic--Ohio--Pictorial works.
Places: Austinburg (Ohio); Ashtabula County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows the Eisenbarth-Henderson Floating Theatre in the foreground, alongside Big Bill's Fishing Club. The Ben Hur steamboat can be seen just behind the Eisenbarth-Henderson, with the Jewel across the river. The Ben Hur was built in 1887 in Marietta, Ohio, as a sternwheel packet with wooden hull. Her first job was towing John Robinson's circus up and down the rivers. In 1888 she went into the Pittsburgh and Parkersburg trade as a regular boat. She was sold in 1909 to work on the Mississippi River where she worked until she sank at Duckport, Mississippi, in 1916. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL07565
Subjects: Steamboats; Ohio River; Ohio Economy--Transportation and Development
Places: Marietta (Ohio); Washington County (Ohio)