Description: This is a bucket elevator made by the Jeffrey Manufacturing Company of Columbus, Ohio. The elevator was operated by the Georgia Iron and Coal Company, Atlanta, Georgia, 1905. Detachable chain and perforated buckets were used on this elevator. The perforated buckets were made by the Ohio Malleable Iron Company, a Columbus-based subsidiary of Jeffrey. The man in the photograph is unidentified. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL01242
Subjects: Conveying machinery; Ohio Economy--Economy--Business
Places: Atlanta (Georgia)
 

Description: In this carte de visite, Lieutenant General William T. Sherman (1820-1891) appears mounted on his horse Duke in Atlanta, Georgia during the Civil War. This 2.5 by 4-inch (6.35 by 10.16 cm) carte de visite dates from 1864. William Tecumseh Sherman was born in Lancaster, Ohio. Orphaned at age nine, he was raised by Thomas Ewing, a U. S. senator who also served as secretary of the treasury and secretary of the interior. He graduated sixth in his class from the United States Military Academy at West Point and served in positions in the South, where he gained great knowledge of the Southern people and the geography of the region. Sherman served in the Mexican War, but left the army in 1853. At the outbreak of the Civil War, he accepted a position as a colonel in the regular army. Sherman became well known for his tactics of property damage and psychological warfare against the southern people, best illustrated by his march through Georgia. His goal was to convince the Southern people to stop the war, and prevent more battlefield deaths. Sherman's military career continued after the Civil War. In 1869, President Ulysses S. Grant promoted Sherman to full general and commander of the United States army. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om1444_1150452_001
Subjects: Military Ohio; Presidents and Politics; Civil War; Horses; Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891
Places: Atlanta (Georgia); Lancaster (Ohio); Fairfield County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Lieutenant General William Tecumseh Sherman on his horse, Duke, before the city of Atlanta, Georgia, 1864. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00545
Subjects: Horses; Ohio History--Military Ohio; Civil War 1861-1865; Military officers
Places: Atlanta (Georgia); Fulton County (Georgia)
 

Description: The body of Leo Frank, lynched 2 miles from Marietta, Georgia. Leo Max Frank was born on April 17, 1884 in Cuero, Texas. He received an engineering degree from Cornell University and became a superintendent in his uncle's pencil factory in Atlanta, Georgia. He was convicted of the murder of 13 year old Mary Phagan. He was convicted of the murder on August 25, 1913 and sentenced to hang on August 26, 1913. The sentence was commuted to life in prison on June 21, 1915. On August 17, 1915 he was hung by a lynch mob which was planned and led by prominent citizens of Marietta. He was posthumously pardoned in 1986. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL08526
Subjects: Other--Non Ohio; Lynching
Places: Marietta (Georgia)
 

Description: This 4.25 by 5.75-inch (10.79 by 14.61 cm) engraving of Benjamin William Arnett is a reproduction of a photograph taken by L. Hunster. It appeared in Harper's Weekly on May 18, 1878, together with an article on the International Sunday School Convention in Atlanta. Arnett traveled to Georgia to represent Ohio at the convention, which was attended by delegates from Protestant denominations in every state. Its purpose was to discuss religious education for children. Arnett was refused admission to the convention because of his race. Arnett (1836-1906) was born in Brownsville, Pennsylvania. A teacher and bishop in the African Methodist Episcopal Church, Arnett moved to Ohio in 1867. He served as pastor and teacher at churches in Cincinnati, Toledo, Urbana, and Columbus. In 1886, as Republican representative from Greene County in the Ohio General Assembly, Arnett introduced legislation to repeal the state's "Black Laws." First enacted in 1803, Ohio's "Black Laws" limited the freedom and rights of African American residents. Arnett was particularly concerned that state law did not ensure that black children had the same educational opportunities as white children. In 1887, statues regarding education were changed; the state was thereafter required to provide equal opportunities to all children regardless of race. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om871_806451_001
Subjects: African American Ohioans; Ohio Government; Education; Civil Liberties; Religion in Ohio; Segregation--Laws and legislation;
Places: Wilberforce (Ohio); Greene County (Ohio)
 

Description: Taken April 16, 1937, this photograph shows the Dixie Highway in Montgomery County, Ohio. A note on the photograph's reverse reads "Dixie Highway. S. of W. Carrolton, Montgomery County (Rout. 25). View looking North on Dixie Highway. Showing Viaduct-Canal-Highway-and Interurban Track on left." Work on the construction of the Dixie Highway started in 1915, a conception of automobile producer Carl G. Fisher. The highway, made up of a connection of paved roads, stretches from the Straits of Mackinac, in Mackinac, Michigan to Miami, Florida. Divided into two sections, a western route makes stops in South Bend, Indiana; Louisville, Kentucky; and Atlanta, Georgia: while an eastern route makes stops in Detroit, Michigan; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Jacksonville, Florida. In Ohio, Dixie Highway passes through Toledo, Dayton, and Cincinnati. The highway is now U.S. route 25 to Cincinnati. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F05_004_1
Subjects: Dixie Highway; Highways; Transportation; Public works; Works Progress Administration; Ohio Federal Writers' Project
Places: West Carrollton (Ohio); Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph showing a Coca Cola truck transporting Coca Cola products. Several labels on the automobile read: "DRINK COCA COLA IN BOTTLES" and "EVERY BOTTLE COCA COLA STERILIZED." Originally invented by John Pemberton as a medicine in 1886, Coca-Cola was bought out by businessman Asa Griggs Candler. His marketing led Coke to its dominance of the world soft-drink market throughout the 20th century. Today, it is produced by The Coca-Cola Company of Atlanta, Georgia, and is colloquially called Coke. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SC1261_009
Subjects: Cars; Trucks; Transportation; Automobile equipment & supplies; Coca Cola;
 

Description: On September 10-14, 1888, the 22nd Grand Army of the Republic (G.A.R.) was held in Columbus, Ohio. Composed of Civil War veterans, the G.A.R. was founded in 1866 in Illinois. Pictured is the locomotive, the "General," which was stolen on April 12, 1862 by Andrews' Raiders. There were 22 raiders, all from Ohio, who participated in this raid which was aimed at isolating Atlanta, Georgia, by disrupting the Western & Atlantic Railroad. James T. Andrews devised this raid, and he and all other participants were caught. Eight were hanged by the Confederates and nineteen received a Medal of Honor. This photograph is one of the many visual materials collected for use in the Ohio Guide. In 1935, President Franklin D. Roosevelt established the Works Progress Administration by executive order to create jobs for the large numbers of unemployed laborers, as well as artists, musicians, actors, and writers. The Federal Arts Program, a sector of the Works Progress Administration, included the Federal Writers’ Project, one of the primary goals of which was to complete the America Guide series, a series of guidebooks for each state which included state history, art, architecture, music, literature, and points of interest to the major cities and tours throughout the state. Work on the Ohio Guide began in 1935 with the publication of several pamphlets and brochures. The Reorganization Act of 1939 consolidated the Works Progress Administration and other agencies into the Federal Works Administration, and the Federal Writers’ Project became the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio. The final product was published in 1940 and went through several editions. The Ohio Guide Collection consists of 4,769 photographs collected for use in Ohio Guide and other publications of the Federal Writers’ Project in Ohio from 1935-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B05F04C_005_1
Subjects: Military Ohio; Civil War; Andrews' Raiders; Grand Army of the Republic; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Locomotives
Places: Columbus (Ohio); Franklin County (Ohio)
 

Description: Caption reads: "Montgomery Co. – April 16, 1937. View looking South on Dixie Highway (Route 25) showing Railroad on left, Canal, Highway, Inter-urban on right. River is hidden by trees on the right." Work on the construction of the Dixie Highway started in 1915, a conception of automobile producer Carl G. Fisher. The highway, made up of a connection of paved roads, stretches from the Straits of Mackinac, in Mackinac, Michigan to Miami, Florida. Divided into two sections, a western route makes stops in South Bend, Indiana; Louisville, Kentucky; and Atlanta, Georgia: while an eastern route makes stops in Detroit, Michigan; Cincinnati, Ohio; and Jacksonville, Florida. In Ohio, Dixie Highway passes through Toledo, Dayton, and Cincinnati. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: SA1039AV_B02F06_008_1
Subjects: Dixie Highway--History--Pictorial works; Canals--Ohio; Transportation--Ohio--History.; Ohio--History--Pictorial works; Federal Writers' Project
Places: Montgomery County (Ohio)
 

Description: William Tecumseh Sherman (1820-1891), prominent military leader from Ohio, helped to lead the Union Army to victory in the Civil War. In this portrait photograph he is shown in old age. His hair and beard are white, and he is wearing civilian attire. His signature appears at the bottom of the portrait. Below the signature is the name and business address of a photography studio: "C. Parker / 447 Penn. Ave. Washington, D.C." Sherman was born on February 8, 1820, in Lancaster, Ohio. He was named after Tecumseh, the famous Shawnee leader. Sherman's father died in 1829. Sherman's mother could not take care of all of her children and had several of them adopted into other families. Thomas Ewing, a neighbor and close family friend, raised William Sherman as a foster son. Sherman attended common schools and received an appointment to the United States Military Academy at West Point in 1836. He graduated in 1840, ranking sixth in a class of forty-two students. He was commissioned a second lieutenant of artillery. He participated in the Seminole War from 1840 to 1842. During the late 1840s, he was stationed in California and helped Californians secure their independence from Mexico in the Mexican-American War. He resigned his commission in 1853 and went into banking, at which he was not successful. n 1859, Sherman became the superintendent of the Louisiana Military Academy. He also served as a professor of engineering, architecture, and drawing. At the beginning of the American Civil War in 1861 Louisiana's seceded from the Union. Sherman resigned his position and returned to the North. In May 1861, Sherman joined the Union army and was immediately commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers. He commanded the Third Brigade, First Division, of the Army of Northeastern Virginia at the First Battle of Bull Run in July 1861. His men suffered numerous casualties in the battle. He was transferred to the Department of the Cumberland in August 1861, and Sherman assumed command of that department in October of that year. In this position, Sherman played a vital role in securing Kentucky for the Union. Following the fall of Atlanta, Sherman set out on a "March to the Sea." He determined to break the will of the Southern population between Atlanta and Savannah, Georgia. Sherman left his wagon train behind and ordered his men to feed themselves with what they could find along the way. The Northerners even requisitioned food from the slave population. Sherman realized that the civilian population was supplying the Confederate military with food and other supplies. He decided that one way to win the war was to break the will of the civilian population and to end its ability and desire to equip an army. He left Atlanta on November 15, 1864, and traveled the more than two hundred miles to Savannah by December 21. He faced little resistance from the Confederate military. In 1865, Sherman led his army into the Carolinas, using the same tactics that he had used on the "March to the Sea." General Joseph E. Johnston surrendered at Durham Station, North Carolina, on April 26, 1865 and the Civil War soon came to an end. Sherman remained in the military following the Civil War, serving first as the commander of the Military Division of the Mississippi and then commander of the Military Division of the Missouri. When Ulysses S. Grant became President of the United States in 1869, Sherman replaced him as General of the United States Army. He retired on November 1, 1883, and was succeeded by General Philip Sheridan. Sherman moved to New York City in 1886. He died on February 14, 1891, and was buried in St. Louis, Missouri. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL06605
Subjects: Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891; Civil War 1861-1865; Portraits; 1861-1865--Military officers--Union
Places: Lancaster (Ohio); Fairfield County (Ohio)
 

Description: Carte de visite of General William Tecumseh Sherman, who served with the Union Army during the Civil War. A native of Lancaster, Ohio, Sherman is best known for his "March to the Sea" from Atlanta to Savannah, Georgia, utilizing the idea of "total war" to attempt to end the war more quickly. He fought at many other battles, however, including Bull Run, Shiloh, Corinth, Vicksburg, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, and Kennesaw Mountain. He also accepted the surrender of Confederate General Joseph Johnston's army, the largest single surrender of troops during the war. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV200_b03_f33_36
Subjects: Ohio--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Photographs; United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Military officers--Union; Sherman, William T. (William Tecumseh), 1820-1891
Places: Lancaster (Ohio)
 

Description: Section of a panorama painted by Albert Ruger in the 1880's depicting an event known as the "Great Locomotive Chase" or "Andrews' Raid." In 1862, Secret Service Agent James J. Andrews led volunteer Union soldiers, mostly Ohioans, on a mission to steal a Confederate locomotive and drive from the south to the north, destroying the rail lines along the way. The mission failed shortly after it was begun and several of the captured men were hung while others were later exchanged and some escaped. This scene is a map of the geographic area covered by the Raiders. William J. Knight was a private in the 21st Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company E who participated in the raid. Knight escaped and in 1878 he began touring and giving lectures describing the raid. Ruger's panorama accompanied him for more than eighteen years. The panorama is now part of the museum collections of the Ohio Historical Society. The map shows parts of Tennessee and Georgia including cities along the Tennessee River like Shelbyville, Decator, Chatanooga, Cleveland, Dalton, Adairsville, Kingston, Rome, Etowah, Marietta, and Atlanta that were the covered by the Raiders. The train on the map is entering the "TUNNEL HILL." View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL02938
Subjects: Chattanooga Railroad Expedition, 1862; Ohio--History, Military--19th century; Andrews' Raid, 1862; Ruger, A.